September 1st 1961
now it's Pepsi-for those who think young
Today's lively people are on the go as never before. Our activities are varied, PPSH COLA
our ideas modern. This is the life for Pepsi-light, bracing, clean-tasting
Pepsi. In stores, at fountains, think
please!
"PEPSI-COLA" AND "PEPS ARE TRADEMARKS OF PEPSICOLA COMPANY. REG. U.S. PAT. OFF.
How long has it been since you called Mary?
Or Tom and Betty. And Bill and his wife
who've moved across town. And Grandma
Jones who has been feeling poorly. And
that Mrs. Brown you liked so well when
she lived next door.
Don't let friendships lag or the family
drift apart. Just pick up the phone and
have a friendly visit with those you like
and love. It's such a nice way to be a
thoughtful, popular person.
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM
BILL
SVITIN
How long has it been since you called Mary?
Or Tom and Betty. And Bill and his wife
who've moved across town. And Grandma
Jones who has been feeling poorly. And
that Mrs. Brown you liked so well when
she lived next door.
Don't let friendships lag or the family
drift apart. Just pick up the phone and
have a friendly visit with those you like
and love. It's such a nice way to be a
thoughtful, popular person.
BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM
BILL
SVITIN
Vel. 51, No. 9 September 1, 1961.
STORY OF THE WEEK
New York's political zoo opens: the bizarre spectacle,
by Murray Kempton
NEWSFRONTS
Our
Berlin fuse burns short... Reds shoot a refugee
troubles move to U.N.... Senate surveys gambling...
Coypu menaces England... Plague comes out of China
EDITORIALS
Super-boom, yes-l
-bust, no
Foreign aid, let's mean it
THE PHOTOGRAPHIC ESSAY
The mad happy surfers: California "hot doggers" enjoy
a new way of life on the wavetops
ARTICLE OF THE WEEK
The First Lady brings history and beauty to the White House.
By Hugh Sidey. Photographed for LIFE by Edward Clark
and Nina Leen
THE COLOR SPECTACLE
Holiday idyls of long ago: the nostalgic appeal of the art
of Maurice Prendergast
BETTER LIVING
The big Paris word: SHAPE-in dresses, suits, corsets.
Photographed for LIFE by Mark Shaw
DEPARTMENTS
Close-up: 'I'm looking for a market for wisdom.'
Leo Szilard, scientist
LIFE
Special Report: rousing bravo for a brave Brave-Warren
Spahn's long and hard road to immortality. By Paul O'Neil
LIFE GUIDE to Labor Day festivities, Ogden Nash records,
authentic cowboy book
Letters to the Editors
Miscellany: hare in a bears' lair
1961 TIME INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. REPRODUCTION IN WHOLE OR
PART WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED
COVER MARK SHAW
2. 3 ARTHUR RICKERBY from PIX
13, 14-JOE CLARK
23-WALT DISNEY PRODUCTIONS, CHARLES EL-
24, 23 ARTHUR F
25 ORKUR ICKERBY from PIX, THE NEW
26 through 29KEN HEYMAN from RAPHO-GUIL-
LUMETTE
30, 31-11. A.P.-ARTHUR RICKERBY from PIX-KEN
NEYMAN from RAPHO-GUILLUMETTE: cen.
JOHN LOENGARD; rt. ARTHUR RICKERBY
PIX KEN HEYMAN from RAPHO-
COLLONMAN from RAPHO-GUILLUMETTE-
32, 33- LOENGARD, NAT FEIN for the NEW
YORK HERALD TRIBUNE
34, 35-STAN WAYMAN
36-ROBERT E LACKENBACHTUNG
38 ALFRED EISENSTAEDT, KEYSTONE, WALTER
BENNETT for TIME, A.P.-R. P. BAGNALL-OAK-
LEY & H. A. HEMS
40-AP BOB HENRIQUES-OLYMPIA from PIX
41-HARRY REDL
34
54
Credits are separated from left to right by commas; top to bottom by dashes.
The
U.S. of the pictures herein originated or obtained from the Associated Pe
Press.
68
September 1, 1961
Volume 51, Number 9
LIFE is published weekly, except one issue at year end, by Time Inc., 540 N. Michigan Ave..
Chicago,
11. Illinois, Second-class postage paid at Chicago, Ill, and at additional mailing offi
82
58, 59-IL. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS courtesy AMY
LAFOLLETTE JENSEN, THE BETTMANN AR-
CHIVE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY cour
tesy AMY LAFOLLETTE JENSEN-LIBRARY OF
CONGRESS courtesy AMY FOLLETTE JENSEN
MANSION HISTORICAL
EXECUTIVE
U.S. and Canadian subscriptions $5.95 a year. This issue published in national and sepa
rate editions, Additional pages of separate editions numbered or allowed for as follows:
New England RI-R2: Southwest RI-R2; Far Western RI-R4, RI-R4 AI-A2; Special A1-A2
75
13
TION) courtesy AMY LaFOLLETTE JENSEN:
t. rt. CULVER PICTURES
MAHAN
10
23
88
64, 65-JIM
68 69 HERBERT ORTH collection MRI and MRS.
ARTHUR ALTSCHUL
70-HERBERT ORTH collection DR and MRS. MacKIN-
71-HERBERT ORTH courtesy CLEVELAND MUSEUM OF
ART-HERBERT ORTH courtesy MUSEUM OF FINE
ARTS, SPRINGFIELD
72, 73-HERBERT ORTH courtesy MUSEUM OF FINE
75 74 ARTS, BOSTON
79-JOHN LOCURLEY
86. 87--11, MARK SHAW: cen, PAUL SCHUTZER-
MARK SHAW, PAUL SCHUTZER L. MARK
88-RICHARD SRODA for the WISCONSIN STATE JOUR-
NAL
PICTURE
OF
THE WEEK
The tiny Texans put on a brave front
until they escaped to the privacy of
their dugout. Then they couldn't hold
out any longer. Knuckles and hands
went up to brush away tears of defeat
and disappointment. As the members
of the Little League team from El
Campo, Texas, they had survived 13.
tense play-off games to get into the
big championship against El Cajon,
Calif. at Williamsport, Pa. There,
last week, they had been within two
outs of being world champions when
suddenly the world crashed about
their heads. A home run in the last.
half of the last inning had turned a
2-to-1 lead into a 4-to-2 defeat. It was
no use telling the 12-year-olds that
being even second best at Williams-
port was something to be proud of.
Many a band strikes up as colorful parades, community
celebrations and spirited sports competition add zest to good living.
Spirited
ST. LOUIS
The Strategic Center
of America
Marching bands and laughing youngsters... new
buildings... elegant, timeless architecture are
part of the good life in St. Louis.
Vast resources and agricultural wealth... un-
limited water... unsurpassed transportation...
plenty of electric power and more to come from
Union Electric's expansion keep economic life
flourishing.
If your expansion plans include St. Louis, you may
want to know more about this growing area. Union
Electric's industrial development services can help
you. Write in confidence to J. W. McAfee, President.
UNION ELECTRIC
St. Louis 66, Missouri
Luxury hotels and apartments along fabulous Kingshighway are seen from the unique
Soldiers Memorial in nearby Forest Park.
The Mississippi tests the sailing skill of weekend mariners. Other nearby rivers and
lakes also beckon water-sports enthusiasts.
THAT
The hustling football Cardinals are one of the
newest additions to the year-round roster of excit-
ing sports attractions in St. Louis.
Civilized way to get the
vigorous virtues of rice in the raw
Native rice is famous for its thiamine, niacin and iron.
Often lost in polished rice, these vital nutritional values are fully
restored in Kellogg's Rice Krispies.
So crisp they go "Snap! Crackle! Pop!" when you pour on milk
or cream. In cereal talk this means
"The best to you each morning."
Kellogg's
RICE
(Oryza Sativa)
One of the world's
st nourishing grains.
Kellogg's
RICE
KRISPIES
Pop!
RICE KRISPIES
1961 by Kellogg Company. Rice Krispies is a trade mark (Reg. U. S. Pat. Off.) of Kellogg Com any for its oven-toasted rice.
COTTS
MOVEL 35-0
Eliminating crabgrass and dallis grass used to be a tedious,
back-breaking job. Now it's remarkably quick, as easy as
taking a walk. Simply fill a Scotts Spreader with clean, dry,
granular Clout®, set the dial-and go.
With the first application of Clout, crabgrass and dallis
grass turn brown and begin to die. The second application,
just one week later, delivers the knockout punch, completing
the liberation of your lawn.
"I used 2 applications of Clout to eradicate the crabgrass
but didn't think it could touch the dallis grass," writes Frank
Holder of Stuttgart, Ark. "In about 10 days I went out to dig
the dallis grass-only to find it gone, too, thanks to Clout."
20010
Scotts
Lawn Program
Clout
Controls
summer crabgrass
Blast out crabgrass-dallis grass, too!
Clout
Truly amazing is the way Clout selects out only the un-
desirable grasses for destruction. Crabgrass, dallis grass and
paspalum die-dichondra and good grass are spared.
To help your lawn fill in quickly and regain the ground
lost to crabgrass and dallis during the summer, apply protein-
building Turf Builder a day or two after the second Clout
application.
The Scotts dealer in your neighborhood has the simple
details of this two-step program. Seek him
out, follow his advice and Scotts guarantees
your results-complete satisfaction or your
money back.
IMI, COTT & SON, MARYVILLE, O
Scotts
FIRST IN LAWNS
NO MORE OF THIS!
(Manhattan takes the drip out of drying)
Spinsmooth Plus, new $5 self-ironing cotton shirt, spins dry ready to wear!
From wash to wear-that's Spinsmooth Plus" with W-A-4, Manhattan's Belfast
new complete cycle, 100% self-ironing cotton shirt. Whether you wash it
at home or send it to the laundry, tumble or spin dry it, Spinsmooth Plus
irons itself in the wash-comes out cotton-soft, wrinkle-free ready to wear
everytime. What's more, Spinsmooth Plus may be fully bleached without
discoloring... stays neat and fresh around the clock thanks to Reserve
Neatness"- keeps its fit for life because it is shrinkage stabilized.
And its wash 'n wear benefits are permanently built into the shirt
... as double-guaranteed by the quality control standards of
Manhattan and the Deering Milliken Research Corporation. With famous
Golden Needle tailoring, long-wearing collar and cuffs and in a choice
of 7 fashion-collar styles, Spinsmooth Plus is priced at just $5.00.
exclusive chemical additive provides maximum moisture absorption.
Manhattan
Take a Royal Futura Portable back to school...
(aim for better grades!)
CLEAR
A
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ROYAL
COLUMN BET
O 1961 ROYAL MCBEE
No fooling. The Futura can help you turn those freshman C's into sophomore B's,
B's into A's-then, watch out-you might just make the Honor Roll. The fact is,
the Royal Futura is the only portable with all the automatic features of the stand-
ard office machines. So you put more thinking into your work and less into the
mechanics of writing it. Another fact: the Futura is fast. Your fingers fly as
thoughts take form. You never forget what you want to say. Result: more work
in less time. The big, rugged Royal Futura comes in
this cool blue color, or choose gray, cocoa or a red and
blue Americana. A handsome case is included. Always
insist on a Royal-the world's most wanted portable.
ROYAL
SPECIALISTS IN BUSINESS MACHINES
M
ww
AMMA
JAM
Look here for the name
of your nearest Royal
Portable Dealer
ALABAMA
Albertville
Anniston
Almore
Almore Office & School Supply Company
Birmingham
Busch Jewelry
Kay Jewelry Stores
Pizitz
Pizitz Downtown
Westmoreland Typewriter Company
Gadsden ...Birch Andersen & Company
Huntsville
Florence
Monroe Business Equipment Company
...Busch Jewelry
C.J. Gayler Company, Inc.
Shoppers Fair
Montgomery
Eastbrook Montgomery Fair Co., Inc.
Montgomery Fair Company
Mobile
Opelika
Opelika Montgomery Fair Company, Inc.
The Jewel Box
James E. Harrison Company
ARKANSAS
El Dorade.Stuart Typewriter Co.
Acme Typewriter Exchange
Fayetteville
Hot Springs
Little Rock
Pine Bluff
McWilliams Stationery Company
Pfeifer's
W.D. Wells Office Equipment Co.
Burris Office Machines
Hayes Typewriter Co.
Russellville
Searcy
FLORIDA
Daytona Beach
Cook Office Machine Company
Ft Lauderdale
Broward Business Machines
Burdines
Masters of Ft. Lauderdale, Inc.
J. M. Taul
Parker's Book Store
Ft. Pierce
Ft Pierce Typewriter Co.
Jacksonville
Fay Jewelry Stores
Standard Sales Company of Florida, Inc.
Ft. Myers
Jacksonville... Sun Discount City
Lakeland
Lakeland Typewriter & Supply Company
Maas Brothers, Inc.
Miami
Accurate Business Machines-All Stores
Burdines
Grand Way Discount Centers
Jordan Marsh Company
Masters of Miami, Inc.
Patrick F. Crook Business Machines
Richards Store Company-All Stores
8. W. Thacker
Traeger Brothers & Associates, Inc.
Miami Beach Beach Typewriter Company
Burdines
Burdines
Skipper's
George Stuart, Inc.
Grand Way Discount Center
Pensacola
....Shoppers Fair
St. Augustine.. Pullen Typewriter Company
St. Petersburg
North Miami Beach
Ocala
Orlando
Grand Way Discount Centers
Kay Jewelry Stores
Maas Brothers, Inc.
P. K. Smith & Company
Sarasota
Maas Brothers, Inc.
Tallahassee Wyatts Business Machines
Tampa
.....Grand Way Discount Centers
Jim Fair
Maas Brothers, Inc.
Venice Stationers
West Palm Beach
Burdines
Palm Beach Typewriter Company
Venice
GEORGIA
Albany Albany Typewriter Exchange
Atlanta
Davison-Paxon
Kay Jewelry Stores-All Stores
Rich's, Inc.
1.8. White & Company
Busch Jewelry
Lee Office Supply
Kay Jewelry Stores
Office Machine Company
Wilson Typewriter Co.
Kay Jewelry Stores
Office Sales & Service
.C. & 3. Jewelry
Peacock Jewelry
Rossville Jewelry Company
2 Guys
Augusta
Columbus
Dalton
Decatur
Gainesville
Macon
Marietta
Rome
Rossville
Savannah
LOUISIANA
Alexandria Reed's Typewriter Exchange
Shreveport Spartan Discount Store
Weiser Office Machines
MISSISSIPPI
Greenwood
NORTH CAROLINA
Albemarle
Standard Office Equipment Company
G. L. Harris Company
Sears, Roebuck & Company
Biller's Jewelers, Inc.
.....Kay Jewelry Stores
Sears, Roebuck & Company
Warren Distributing Company, Inc.
Fayetteville The Typewriter Shop, Inc.
Goldsboro Worley Typewriter Exchange
Greensboro. Kay Jewelry Stores-All Stores
Hickory ......Deal Typewriter Exchange
High PointSears, Roebuck & Company
Monroe
Asheboro
Asheville
Burlington
Charlotte
Morris Office Machines, Inc.
Monroe Office Equipment Company
New Bern .....Owen G. Dunn Company
North Wilkesboro
Carolina Business Machines Company
...Land's Jewelers, Inc.
Rocky Mount. Hudson Typewriter Company
Roxboro
Electric Appliance Co.
Sanford
Raleigh
Bowen Office Equipment Company
Lee's Home & Office Supply
G. L. Harris Jewel Shoppe
Kay Jewelry Stores-All Stores
Shelby
Thomasville
Winston-Salem
OKLAHOMA
Altus
Duncan
Enid
Altus Ofice Supply
Altus Typewriter Company
Rosenfield's Jewelers
Stone's Office Machines Company
McCord's Business Machines
Midwest City. Rosenfield's Jewelers
Oklahoma City
Lawton
Rosenfield's Jewelers (all stores)
Spartan Discount Store
Drake's Jewelers
Shoshone's Jewelers
Tate McGee Typewriter Service
Tulsa Oertle's House of Name Brands
Royal Typewriter Company of Tulsa, inc.
Ponca City
Shawnee
SOUTH CAROLINA
Bennettsville
Hamilton Office Supply Company
Blake & Ford, Inc.
Harley's Office Machine Company
Sears, Roebuck & Company
Columbia King's Jewelers-All Stores
J.B. White & Company
Conway
Camden
Charleston
Jackson Office Equipment Co., Inc.
Florence...Baker Typewriter Company
Ellis Office Supply
Mullins
Orangeburg
Spartanburg
Sumter ....
Finley Office Equipment Company
Calhoun's
Knight Brothers, Inc.
Sumter Office Supply Company
TENNESSEE
Chattanooga
Clarksville
Johnson City
Kingsport
Cooper Office Equipment Company
Knoxville
Madison
Maryville
Nashville
TEXAS
Abilene.
Amarillo
Austin
Dallas
Kay Jewelry Stores
Lovemans
Peacock Elesay Jewelry
Peacock's Jewelers
Meadows Office Machines
Typewriter & Equipment Co., Inc.
General Products Corporation
Kay Jewelry Stores
Miller's, Inc.
Kay Jewelry Stores
White Office Machines
The Cain-Sloan Company
The Harvey Company
Kay Jewelry Stores
Cox Typewriter Exchange
Lester's Jewelers
Russell Stationery
Duncan Typewriter Company
Spartan Discount Store
University Co-op"
Beeville Beeville Publishing Company
Breckenridge
Peeler Printing Company
Brownwood
....Nathan's Jewelry
Bryan
Cates Typewriter Company
Corpus Christi
Lester's Jewelers (all stores)
Patterson's Inc.
.S. L. Ewing Company, Inc.
Jackson Business Machines
Dallas......
Peacock jewelry Company
Sanger-Harris (all stores)
Spartan Discount Store
Sterling Jewelry & Distributing Company
(all stores)
Titche-Goettinger Company
Fort Worth
Houston
Kerrville
Littlefield
Lubbock
Lufkin
McKinney
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
McKinney Office & School Supply
West Texas Office Supply
Gerson's Jewelers
Lester's Jewelers
West Texas Office Supply
Nathan's Jewelry
Joske's of Texas
Shaw's of San Antonio
Spartan Discount Store
.Tappan's Jewelers
Sherman
Texarkana
Kruger's Jewelers (all stores)
Spartan Discount Store
Foley's Department Store
Shoppers Fair (all stores)
Fine Printing Company
Connell Typewriter Company
Hester's Office Machines
Lester's Jewelers
Lufkin Typewriter Co.
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Yoakum
VIRGINIA
Richmond
McWilliams Stationery Company
Tyler Typewriter Exchange
Victoria Typewriter Company
Monnig Dry Goods Company
Fedway Stores
Dewitt Path & Son
Farmville Southside Business Machines
Harrisonburg. Price Business Machines
Lynchburg. Best Products Company, Inc.
Lynchburg Business Equipment
Newport News
George L. Smith
Nachman's Dept. Store, Inc
GEX
Norfolk
J. C. Penney Company, Inc.
Bam's
Best Products Company, Inc.
Thalhimer Brothers, Inc.
Roanoke
Star City Office Equipment Company
Williamsburg
Colonial Typewriters
Montgomery Ward (all stores)
ROYAL MCBEE
CORPORATION
LIFE GUIDE
Peter J. McGuire began it all. In 1882 this redheaded New
York union leader demanded a day "which shall be Labor's"
and picked the first Monday in September for a big working-
man's parade, when more than 10,000 people marched up
Fifth Avenue. Before long, workers and nonworkers alike
were enjoying the new festival and in 1894 the U.S. and Canada
both made it an official holiday. Nowadays actual labor
rallies on it are rare, Detroit being a notable exception (see
HOLIDAY
PENNSYLVANIA. Using the slogan,
"Koom un bring dei friend mit,"
Lancaster will be the scene of the
Pennsylvania Dutch Frolic through
Sept. 4. Hex signs will be painted,
herb medicine brewed, soap boiled,
water-witching demonstrated, and
huge meals served with the tradition-
al seven sweets and seven sours.
NEW JERSEY. The Miss America Pag-
cant in Atlantic City Sept. 5-9 will
have 55 contestants from all of the
states, Puerto Rico, Canada, the cities
of New York and Chicago and the
District of Columbia.
VERMONT. Rutland's 200th birthday
party Sept. 7 will see the governor of
Vermont presenting a replica of the
town's original charter to the mayor.
RHODE ISLAND. The 72nd Festival of
Flowers at Newport Sept. 3, 4 will
have 96 classes of competition from
house plants to lettuce-including
floral arrangements in such categories
as "Hail to the Chief, red, white and
blue," and "After the Storm, any
weathered wood, fresh cut and/or
dried material."
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. The canoe-
ing races of the President's Cup Re-
gatta will be held on the Potomac
River Sept. 3.
The 16th annual Gadsby's Tavern
revival will be given in nearby Alex-
andria, Va. each evening through
Sept. 9. This historic tavern, frequent-
ed by George Washington, was often
visited in his day by traveling drama
groups. Sheridan's The Critic will be
staged in the cobblestoned courtyard.
WEST VIRGINIA. A fine open-air pag-
cant on how the western part of Vir-
ginia became a separate state during
the tumult of the Civil War runs
through Sept. 3 at Grandview State
Park in Beckley.
TENNESSEE. The year's biggest event,
starring the Tennessee Walking Horse
-said to be the only breed with a
"running walk" or canter so smooth
that the horseman gets as easy a ride
as he would in a rocking chair-will
be at Shelbyville through Sept. 2,
with a grand champion chosen the
last night out of the 1,114 horses en-
tered from 24 states.
10
MICHIGAN. The biggest Labor Day
rally is the huge get-together of union
men in Detroit's Cadillac Square,
with a parade and speeches by Walter
Reuther and other labor leaders. Else-
where in the state there will be a rodeo
at Sparta (Sept. 2-4) and the annual
Labor Day walkathon across the five-
mile span of the Mackinac Bridge,
which is closed to pedestrian traffic
during all the rest of the year.
ILLINOIS. At Kewanee, which calls it-
self the "hog capital of the world,"
pork chops will be barbecued over
open-pit charcoal fires, Sept. 2-4. The
festival includes a hog show, parades
(for both hogs and people) and street
dances (just for people). At Hoopes-
ton, during the 15th annual Sweet
Corn Festival Sept. 1-4, more than
100,000 ears will be served. At Nau-
voo, with the grapes ripening, a pag-
cant portraying the Wedding of the
Wine and Cheese" will be enacted
Sept. 2, 3. At Lincoln, the annual
watermelon festival occurs Sept. 2.
COLORADO. At Ouray, in the San
Juan mountains of southwest Colo-
rado, the first national open art exhi-
bition will be held Aug. 31-Sept. 3.
At Estes Park the Blue Jeans Sym-
phony Orchestra will play a final
summer concert on Sept. 3. This is a
group of high school and college stu-
dents from 30 states invited each sum-
mer to work in a variety of jobs in
the area while studying music. They
will wear blue jeans, while Conductor
Walter Charles will wear a set of spe-
cially made denim tails.
NEW MEXICO. The 249th successive
Santa Fe Fiesta on Sept. 1-4 includes
such time-honored highlights as the
burning of the 40-foot-high Zozobra
(Old Man Gloom), a triumphal re-
enactment of the 1693 reconquest of
the city by Spanish Governor Don
Diego De Vargas-and the Desfile De
Fiesta, known locally as "the Histor-
ical-Hysterical Parade," in which the
Fiesta Queen and her court appear
with De Vargas and his caballeros.
CALIFORNIA. Banning, an old stage-
coach station in the San Gorgonio
Pass, will hark back to its beginnings
Sept. 6-9 with a celebration that in-
cludes a procession of buckboards,
stagecoaches, covered wagons and
townsfolk in their version of early
western dress. The police will operate
a mobile jail to catch local citizens
who are not in appropriate costume.
At the Apple Valley Pow Wow on
Sept. 1, 2 horses will do square dances
as part of a gymkhana. A windjam-
mer race will start from San Francisco
Bay Sept. I and end at Santa Cruz.
The Antelope Valley Fair and Alfalfa
Festival in Lancaster from Aug. 31 to
Sept. 4 has a 10-event "rural Olym-
pics including hay-loading contests
and a tractor race whose winner later
competes against a horse (the tractor
won in 1960, the horse in 1959).
STATE
FAIRS
Fifteen state fairs and four major fairs
in Canada will be open at least part
All kinds of happy hi-jinks for Labor Day-
with real cowboys and authentic Ogden Nash
below). But the long weekend gives almost everybody a fine
final summer fling-with flower shows and fairs, parachute
jumping in Kansas and Pennsylvania Dutch frolicking, old
Spanish costumes at the Santa Fe Fiesta, an 18th Century
play in a tavern George Washington frequented and a blue-
jeaned s mohonic orchestra in Colorado, as well as the chance
to eat Illinois corn and Vermont cheese, or to see Tennessee
horses that walk and California horses that do square dances.
of the next 10 days, each with the
happy sort of whoop-de-do detailed
in the Aug. 11 Guide.
These are: Alaska at Palmer Sept.
1-4, California at Sacramento Aug.
30-Sept. 10, Idaho at Boise through
Sept. 2, Indiana at Indianapolis Aug.
30-Sept. 7, lowa at Des Moines
through Sept. 3, Kentucky at Louis-
ville Sept. 8-16, Maryland at Timo-
nium through Sept. 9, Michigan at
Detroit Sept. 1-10, Minnesota at St.
Paul through Sept. 4, Nebraska at
Lincoln Sept. 2-7, Oregon at Salem
Sept. 1-9, Ohio at Columbus through
Sept. 1, New York at Syracuse Sept.
1-9, South Dakota at Huron Sept.
4-9, Vermont a Rutland Sept. 3-9.
the Canadian National at Toronto
through Sept. 4, the Pacific National
at Vancouver through Sept. 4, the
Provincial Exposition at Quebec Sept.
1-10, and the Western Ontario Expo-
sition at London, Sept. 8-16.
BOOKS
THE OLD-TIME COWHAND, by 71-year-
old authority Ramon F. Adams, is the
well-illustrated and authentic word
on a subject about which a lot of
tired TV watchers wish they could see
the last unauthentic picture. At that,
the book might trigger a whole new
western syndrome, with scriptwriters
exchanging their gun-slinging Oedi-
puses for Adams "plain, ever'day
bowlegged human... fun-lovin' and
loyal, uncomplainin' and doin' his
best to live up to a tradition of which
he was mighty proud." (Macmillan)
IPPOLITA. A vigorously absorbing
historical novel about a vigorous Ital-
ian family whose schemes and brawls
take place against a vivid backdrop of
the Napoleonic era. The author, Al-
berto Denti di Pirajno, is himself a
duke, and as the holder of an an-
cient title handles his aristocratic
characters in warmly knowing de-
tail. (Doubleday)
MOVIES
THE SAND CASTLE. This modest film
follows the seaside adventures of a 9-
year-old boy, who is shooed away
from playing war games with some
older boys and consoles himself by
building a magnificent sand castle. As
long as a humorous tide of human-
ity eddies around him-a fisherman,
nuns, lovers, dowagers and bathing
beauties-the film is as easy to enjoy
as an afternoon at the beach. But it
wilts during a fantasy sequence when
the boy falls asleep and dreams he
is inside his own castle-a far too
wispy dream for such a solid young
architect.
1000
RECORDS
OGDEN NASH. Poetry seldom gets an
airing on a major label, so this whim-
sical album could start a trend. Over-
coming an intrusive musical score,
Nash's droll delivery perfectly matches
his droll wit. He pokes fun at men,
women and marriage, then purrs over
The Panther:
The panther is like a leopard,
Except it hasn't been peppered.
Should you behold a panther crouch,
Prepare to say Ouch.
Better yet, if called by a panther,
Don't anther.
But still tops is his famous take-off
on The Hunter:
The hunter crouches in his blind
'Neath camouflage of every kind,
And conjures up a quacking noise
To lend allure to his decoys.
This grown-up man, with pluck and
luck,
Is hoping to outwit a duck.
TOSSIN' AND TURNIN'. Seems there
was this kid and he saw a gal and he
fell for her big, but apparently she
said no. So all that night he tossed
and turned, mooning over her. Except
for rock 'n' roll addicts, who have
made this a smash hit, Bobby Lewis'
rundown on insomnia should start a
rush on sleeping pills. (Beltone)
TELEVISION
TWENTIETH CENTURY. In a new time
slot, TV's best documentary series
now goes on a half hour earlier. This
episode traces Woodrow Wilson's
doomed but dauntless campaign to
put over the League of Nations as a
battle that weakened, then killed him.
(CBS, Sept. 3, 6 p.m., E.D.T.)
JOURNEY TO THE DAY. Playhouse
90 rerun depicts the diverse effects
of group psychotherapy on six pa-
tients in a state mental hospital. In
Roger O. Hirson's absorbing but
talky drama-a possibility for Broad-
way this season-the patients are
Mary Astor, James Dunn and, of all
people, Mike Nichols, who looks a
little lost without Elaine. The psy-
chiatrist is Steven Hill who now on
Broadway is acting the originator
of the species, Sigmund Freud, in
A Far Country. (CBS, Sept. 5, 9:30
p.m., E.D.T.)
MARGARET BOURKE-WHITE. Teresa
Wright plays LIFE's stellar photog-
rapher in a rerun of the notable dra-
ma about her inspiring battle against
creeping illness. Eli Wallach enacts
her equally stellar colleague, Alfred
Eisenstaedt. (NBC, Sept. 5, 10 p.m..
E.D.T.)
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THE LONG AND HARD
ROAD TO IMMORTALITY
Rousing Bravo
for a
Brave Brave
by PAUL O'NEIL
bserve the timeless figure of the
as he tips
his cap, wipes the sweat of mortal
combat from his brow and stands
with the white and fateful baseball
in his hand regarding Menace at the
plate. Does he pale beneath his tan at
the vulgar tumult in the stands? Does
he tremble at the man on first or the
man on third with the awful message,
OUTS 0, upon the scoreboard? What
American would ask? The pitcher is
Davy Crockett at the Alamo. He is
the riverboat gambler going down to
New Orleans. He is Dan'l Boone in
old Kaintuck ("Reckon we won't be
troubled by no more redskins," said
Dan'l as he spat a fresh ball down
the barrel of his long rifle). He stares
contemptuously at the smile curling
Casey's lip and at the bat in Casey's
hand. He flicks one terrible glance at
the men on base. He shifts his cud.
He throws. "Steee-rike!" cries the
umpire, and the westward course of
empire flows unchecked.
A couple of weeks ago in Milwau-
kee's County Stadium a wonderfully
durable and wonderfully cunning old
left-hander named Warren Spahn lent
heartening credence to this deathless
and sentimental concept of the man
on the mound and in the process
proved again that baseball can be
more than sport; even as rocketry
can be more than science or bridge-
building more than the spanning of a
river-when it dramatizes some rare
man's ability to accomplish what
other men hold to be impossible.
Spahn beat the Chicago Cubs 2 to 1
while 40,775 excited home-town fans
howled at every pitch, and in so do-
ing won his 300th major league vic-
tory and made himself one of the
immortals of the Great American
Game. The fact that he did so at
age 40 and under enormous pressure
was astounding enough in itself. But
the warming universality of the feat
sprang from Spahn's belief, unshaken
during 15 long, hard seasons, that he
was capable of doing something a
thousand others were sure could not
be done.
The records dramatize the diffi-
culties he faced. Only 12 other men
in all baseball history had won 300
games before him, and of these but
six-Cy Young, Christy Mathewson,
Eddie Plank, Walter Johnson, Grover
Cleveland Alexander and Lefty Grove
-had played in the era of modern
baseball, after 1900. Twenty years
had passed, furthermore, since the
last of the 300-winners, Grove, turned
the trick-years during which such
great pitchers as Carl Hubbell, Dizzy
Dean and Robin Roberts had either
grown old or gone lame far short of
the mark, and years in which pulled-
in fences and the increasing reliance
on relief pitchers had made any repe-
tition of Grove's feat seem more un-
likely with every passing season.
Spahn, as if these handicaps were
not enough, spent three years in the
Army during World War II (he re-
ceived a battlefield commission for
valor in combat), did not win a major
league game until he was 25 years
old, and thus was forced to fight for
his glittering prize at a time of life
in which most pitchers have either
been sold down the river or have re-
tired from the game. But Milwaukee's
hero was more than equal to the task.
In his 15 years as a starting pitcher
with the Braves he has not only won
his 300, but has thrown two no-hitters
and won 20 or more games in 11 dif-
ferent seasons. He stands as one of
the last of the old-fashioned nine-
inning pitchers left in baseball.
A big smooth motion
and a rubber arm
He has worked his wonders, at bot-
tom, by virtue of a fantastically rub-
bery arm and one of the biggest and
smoothest motions ever seen in a ball
park. Most pitchers discuss their arms
as a scientist might discuss some rare
and fragile electronic device, and they
react to any twinge in the biceps with
that helpless horror which might be
expected in a man who has been in-
jected with cyanide. Spahn speaks of
his arm almost indifferently. It has
been damaged but once in his 15 years
and this injury, actually to his left
shoulder, occurred while he was bat-
ting. "It hurt so much that I had to
walk around with a pillow under my
arm to cushion it," he says. "I decided
it ought to be stretched so I jumped
up and grabbed a pole in the show-
er room and hung from both arms.
Something popped in my shoulder.
The next day I could throw again."
SPECIAL REPORT
A weary Warren Spahn glows after 300th victory
Most pitchers can hardly lob a ball
the day after working nine innings.
Spahn, the day after a game, loosens
up by throwing 100 feet instead of the
regulation 60 "to stretch the muscles
out." Most pitchers religiously zip
themselves into jackets between in-
nings, fearing that cold will stiffen
their arms while their teammates are
batting. Spahn likes night games be-
cause evenings are "nice and cool,"
never wears a jacket in the dugout
and rarely takes his warm-up pitches:
v "
"I hate to waste the energy."
Not only is the Spahn arm itself re-
markably proof against the unnatural
strains of pitching, but his ornate and
ponderously smooth delivery protects
it further. He tips far back when he
throws, kicks the right foot skyward,
rocks forward in one continuous, roll-
ing motion as the forward leg comes
down, and finishes with his throwing
hand almost touching the ground on
his right side. This set of contortions
was basically designed to make the
ball "look as though it's coming out
of my uniform instead of my hand"
but it also transfers the shocks of
pitching to his knees. Both of them,
as a result, are crosshatched with sur-
gical scars. The socket of his left knee
has become distorted from the inces-
sant pushing and pivoting it has had
to endure; it has been opened for the
removal of bone chips and he has had
sections of torn cartilage taken from
each leg as well.
The great arm, however, is only a
mechanical device. Few pitchers in
history have toiled as steadfastly as
Spahn to perfect their craft, few have
so profited by experience and few
have been so endowed with baseball
instinct and competitive fire. Spahn
came into baseball, like most pitch-
ers, because he had a fast ball, but he
discovered 10 years ago that this was
not enough: "The batters told me.
They began hitting it." Today he also
throws a curve (which breaks to his
right), a screwball (a wildly unnatural
pitch which breaks to his left because
the wrist is snapped over against the
motion of his arm), a slider (a fast
ball delivered with a "wiping" mo-
tion which makes it move to the right)
and varied change-ups (in essence,
fast balls which are thrown at a range
of slower speeds because they are held
far back in the palm on delivery).
'I couldn't throw
one down the pipe'
Each of these pitches is thrown with
precisely the same arm speed and with
precisely the same motion, and Spahn
has become capable of placing them
with fantastic accuracy. "The plate is
17 inches wide," he says, "but I ig-
nore the middle 12 inches. I couldn't
make myself throw down the pipe-
I pitch to the two and a half inches on
each side. Most of the time I ignore
the upper half of the strike zone and
throw only below the waist. Of course
if a batter has a profound weakness
-say, he can't hit a high inside fast
ball I'd just throw that. But a bat-
ter with a big weakness won't last in
the majors.
Warren Spahn, in middle age, is a
rawboned six-footer with a big, bold
nose, a retreating hairline, noncom-
mittal hazel eyes and a long, narrow
jaw-a man who looks, in the tradi-
tion of old-fashioned pitchers, as if
he could just as well have been an
ironworker or a cowboy or railroad
brakeman. Although he was born a
city boy in Buffalo, N.Y., he now is,
in fact, an off-season rancher; by dint
CONTINUED 13
REPORT CONTINUED
of his $65,000 or so a year he has ac-
cumulated 800 acres of cattle land in
Oklahoma. He is a quiet and intel-
ligent fellow who kicks no lockers,
makes no scenes. He almost never
throws the brushback or knock-down
pitch, a weapon few pitchers believe
they can surrender without giving the
batter a real edge. He is a thinker. As
he talks it becomes apparent too that
he is something more-a man guided
in the war of the diamond by his in-
stinct and a sort of sensual awareness
of the batter's rhythms and, through
that, of the batter's hopes.
He seems, in fact, to have some sort
of communication with the baseball
itself: "You have to feel the ball ev-
ery day. On days when it feels small
and light to you, you know you are
ready." His uncanny control seems
to be the product of complex, un-
thought reactions: "I need a target to
pitch fine. To me the target has four
parts-the plate, the batter, the catch-
er and the umpire. It isn't a target
until the batter steps in. And since
every batter has a different size and a
different stance, every target is a little
different. Every umpire changes the
target a little, too. They all have their
personal strike zones; some of them
take an inch off the bottom of it and,
since you can't argue with City Hall,
you remember."
But in a sense all this, too, is sim-
ply technique. It is Spahn's applica-
tion of this technique against hitters,
particularly during those moments of
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travail in which disaster looms and
the ball park resounds with Roman
uproar, which is the capstone of his
greatness. It is every pitcher's hope
1) to throw the ball where the batter
does not want it or expect it, and 2)
to make him hit it where he hopes it
will not go. Few succeed so consist-
ently as Spahn. "The batter can't hit
it until you throw it to him," he rea-
sons. "When you're in trouble, you
just have to take a deep breath and
put it in the right place."
A consummate artist
at reading batters
Even if he has never seen a batter
before, Spahn can read a great many
important things about him as he
comes to the plate. "If he drops the
front shoulder when he cocks the bat
he's a high-ball hitter; if he drops the
back one he's a low-ball hitter. After
he swings once you know whether he
has quick wrists. But that's elemen-
tary. When you've pitched against
a batter a hundred times or so you
know all about him, but you have
to remember that he knows all about
you, too. It becomes a cat-and-mouse
game. That's what keeps me in base-
ball-it would be drudgery if it were
not for that."
One gathers, as Spahn talks, that a
troublesome situation does not mean
quite the same thing to him as does
to most of his colleagues. "If there's
a man on first you know the batter
wants to hit to right field behind the
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48
runner. So you have an advantage in
trying to make him hit the double-
play ball. And you know the big
swingers want to pull the tall. That
helps in making them hit to center,
the pitcher's field. If the count gets
to three and two, you know the bat-
ter has to surrender his freedom of
action to you-he has to guard the
plate and go for anything that looks
good. Sure, the plate is just 17 inches.
wide but he can only hit well with
eight inches of his bat."
For all his mastery of technique
and for all his cunning, Spahn, like
lesser performers, has occasionally
to endure those periods of difficulty
when his physical equipment goes
subtly wrong. He fell into such a
slump this year in late June. It con-
tinued for some weeks, and by late
July, two games short of the magic
300 and with more games lost (10 to
12) than won, he was glumly uncer-
tain as to when his long and arduous
race would end. "There was nothing
to do but work," he says. "I knew
what was wrong. The timing of my
motion was off and I was releasing
the ball too soon. But things like that
are hard to correct." By early August,
however, he found himself again; he
beat the Giants 2 to 1 in San Francis-
co and then came confidently home
to the Milwaukee ball park and noisy
triumph.
On that satisfying occasion Spahn
blew kisses to the roaring crowd in
County Stadium at the end of the
ninth inning and jubilantly laid on
a party for his teammates after the
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Spahn's high kick and rocking motion
reduces the strain on his pitching arm
but is rough on his aging leg muscles.
LIFE
game. But he found himself sudden-
ly taken aback by his place in history.
He repeated the names of the great
old pitchers he had joined and it be-
came obvious that to Warren Spahn,
as to many another American, they
came back out of the past as nostal-
gically as the sound of a distant loco-
motive whistle on a prairie night.
"Walter Johnson," he said. "Christy
Mathewson. Now me. It seems al-
most immoral."
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BIG SMITH Smith Brothers Manufacturing Company
CARTHAGE, MISSOURI
LIFE
Henry R. Luce
Roy E. Larsen
Andrew Heiskell
James A. Linen
Hedley Donovan
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR Albert L. Furth
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
CHAIRMAN, EXEC. COMM.
CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD
PRESIDENT
EDITORIAL DIRECTOR
EDITOR
Edward K. Thompson
MANAGING EDITOR
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EXECUTIVE EDITOR
Philip H. Wootton Jr.
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Hugh Moffett, Roy Rowan, Ralph Graves
John K. Jessup CHIEF EDITORIAL WRITER
Charles Tudor ART DIRECTOR
Joseph Kastner COPY EDITOR
Marian A. MacPhail
CHIEF OF RESEARCH
Ray Mackland PICTURE EDITOR
SENIOR EDITORS
Gene Farmer, William Gray, John Jenkisson, Philip Kunhardt, Kenneth MacLeish,
Tom Prideaux, John Thorne, Sam Welles.
STAFF WRITERS
Herbert Brean, Robert Coughlan, William Miller, Paul O'Neil,
Loudon Wainwright, Robert Wallace, Keith Wheeler.
PHOTOGRAPHIC STAFF
Margaret Bourke-White, James Burke, Edward Clark, Ralph Crane, Loomis Dean,
John Dominis, Alfred Eisenstaedt, Eliot Elisofon, J. R. Eyerman, N. R. Farbman,
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Robert W. Kelley, Dmitri Kessel, Nina Leen, Leonard McCombe, Francis Miller,
Ralph Morse, Carl Mydans, Michael Rougier,
Frank J. Scherschel, Joe Scherschel, Paul Schutzer, George Silk,
Howard Sochurek, Grey Villet, Hank Walker, Stan Wayman,
James Whitmore. ASSISTANT PICTURE EDITOR: Lee Eitingon.
FILM EDITORS: Margaret Sargent, Barbara Brewster, Sigrid Thomas.
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John Dille, Timothy Foote, Mary Hamman, Edward Kern, Sally Kirkland,
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This tobacco's vacuum-cleaned,
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The tobacco in new king-size Philip Morris
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The simple fact is, the cleaner the tobacco,
the better it tastes.
This unusual vacuum-cleaning job is done on a
new machine (the Mark VIII) that also fills each
Commander generously and makes the ends extra
firm. This keeps tobacco out of your mouth and
in the cigarette where it belongs.
Have a Commander...welcome aboard.
Philip Morris NE COMMANDER
the BesT marks are made on
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LETTERS TO THE EDITORS
THE ISSUE
Sirs:
The Aug. 11 issue of LIFE which
we received this week is outstanding.
We are delighted with the new LIFE
format. The magazine reflects in some
intangible way the kind of nation we
want to be.
JEROME F. KIRK
Birmingham, Mich.
SOPHIA LOREN
Sirs:
May I ask you why you wasted 14
pages of good space to portray So-
phia Loren (Aug. 11)? Was it really
so important to you to show how
Sophia kicks a friend in the behind?
It took two pages for that alone.
I enjoyed the Northwest tour,
which took you only 12 pages.
M. TEITLEBAUM
Montreal, Que., Canada
Sirs:
I heartily concur with everything
Ithat you say in the article. Having
worked with Miss Loren in 1958, I
would venture a prediction-Miss Lo-
ren will constantly grow as an actress.
KEENAN WYNN
Los Angeles, Calif.
Sirs:
A nation's reading matter, sociolo-
gists have argued, reflects a good deal
of its culture. If this is so, what might
your issue show us about the United
States? There is in it a story about an
actress, Sophia Loren, who has been
challenged on the nature of her home
life. In defense she takes comfort, ap-
parently, not only from her quasi-
husband, but also from the fact that
"I feel married." How deftly this il-
lustrates one facet of America's dis-
integration. Who else besides Miss
Loren has a right to feel himself free
from moral restrictions just because
they are awkward is a philosophical
implication which LIFE, in its cheery
approbation, comfortably ignores.
RICHARD WENZ STRATTNER
Bronxville, N.Y.
Sirs:
It is written on page 64 that Sophia
Loren "keeps busy answering fan
mail." I have written her dozens of
times. To date, no answer. My feel-
ings are hurt.
DEANE MORRISON
Saint Albans, W: Va.
NORTHWEST TOUR
Sirs:
We who live in the Northwest do
not claim any part of California. Yo-
semite, the Golden Gate Bridge and
the Sequoias, which you included in
your Northwest tour (Aug. 11), are
wonders indeed but California is a
territory unto itself.
Mas. C. E. BALL
Everett, Wash.
Sirs:
By no stretch of the imagination
can Yosemite National Park be in-
duded in the "American Northwest";
it is in central California.
In your double-truck color picture
the cliffs on the far left are those near
Yosemite Falls-several miles from
El Capitan. And, sadly enough, you
are wrong in saying these heights look
down on "unspoiled wilderness." Yo-
semite Valley from which they rise is
the most overdeveloped and urban-
ized of all the major national park
areas.
ANSEL ADAMS
San Francisco, Calif.
Much of the upper half of Cali-
fornia is like the Northwest-and
is also
gateway to Oregon and
Washington.-ED.
Sirs:
Words cannot describe the magnif-
icence of your photographs or the
beauty of the scenery. At least there
are some parts of the world that man
has not changed to his way of life.
HENRY J. WIENCKOWSKI
Milwaukee, Wis.
MAYA MYSTERY
Sirs:
Is it possible that the Maya mys-
tery (Aug. 11) has been solved by
another picture in your issue-that of
Mickey Mouse? The cartoonlike fig-
ure on the wall of the Maya tomb
MICKEY MOUSE AND MAYA DRAWING
that so many archaeologists have puz-
zled over resembles Walt Disney's fig-
ure. It is indeed a Maya Mouse.
JACK DERR
Harrisburg, Pa.
STUDENT PERFORMERS
ABROAD
Sirs:
It seems to me, in the light of our
present heightened interest in Latin
America, you missed a particularly
newsworthy item when you failed to
I mention the recent Yale Glee Club
tour of 11 Latin American countries
in your article on student performers
abroad (Aug. 11).
Haworth, N.J.
Sirs:
JOHN F. HARKNESS
I was impressed with your photo-
graphs of Scarsdale's high school dra-
ma group in The Netherlands. My
first reaction was, "How ironic!" be-
cause the last time Scarsdale made
LIFE magazine was last winter when
the Scarsdale Golf Club's racial re-
strictions came into the open with the
story of the debutante excluded be-
cause of her date's race. Happily,
Scarsdale has its young goodwill am-
bassadors.
MARGARET MURDICH
Scarsdale, N.Y.
NEWSFRONTS
Sirs:
The California attorney general's
office was quoted (Aug. 11) as saying
that no dissent was allowed in the
John Birch Society, and that it op-
poses civil rights and the "social gos-
pel" of religions. The fact is that
members of the society are instructed
in their monthly bulletins never to do
anything the society asks if contrary
to their better judgment. Far from
opposing civil rights the society draws
together all races to combat the Com-
munist conspiracy. The society does
object to the so-called social gospel,
for it stands for a return to funda-
mentalism, in religious as well as po-
litical thinking.
ROBERT P. CLARK
Cape Elizabeth, Maine
EDITORIAL
Sirs:
You ask in your Editorial (Aug.
11), "Why has the free world no high-
powered task force, no combined cold
war high command?"
The reason should be apparent,
Khrushchev can ride roughshod over
any opposition, but we must be care-
ful to consult with, and please, Eng-
land, France, Germany, Italy, China,
South American and Asian govern-
ments, to say nothing of every impor-
tant member in Congress, before we
make move.
GEORGE I. SCHREIBER
Asbury Park, N.J.
Sirs:
We can sell refrigerators and cars
and all the fruits of our efforts to the
world, but when it becomes necessary
to sell the system that created this af-
fluence, we apologize and justify. We
are being outsold by a crafty man
who has an inferior, degrading prod-
uct and makes it look like silver and
tinsel. When we stop apologizing for
our affluence and start selling the
ideas of individual freedom-at the
same time, satiating the empty stom-
ach-then we can start insuring the
ultimate downfall of Communism.
GEORGE J. WAAS
Linden, N.J.
Sirs:
Have just read your "A Mighty
Storm Is Raging." Its gist seems to
be that the Reds are trying harder
than we and are more devoted to
their cause. The race seems to be
going to the strong in zeal and the
mighty in self-confidence.
HOWARD PERKINS
Houston, Texas
LIFE GUIDE
Sirs:
What a warm, wonderful picture of
America your Guide gives us. This
LIFE Guide to activities in the Unit-
ed States is excellent and fun even
for an armchair traveler.
CHARLOTTE DE MAURIAC MILLS
Manhasset, N.Y.
Please address all correspondence con-
cerning LIFE's editorial and advertising
contents to: LIFE, Time & Life Building.
Rockefeller Center, New York 20, N.Y.
Subscription Service: Charles A. Adams,
Gen. Mgr. Mail subscription orders, cor-
respondence and instructions for change
of address to:
LIFE SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE
540 N. Michigan Avenue
Chicago 11, Illinois
Change of Address: Send old address
(exactly as imprinted on mailing label of
your copy of LIFE) and new address
(with zone number if any)-allow three
weeks for change-over.
Time Inc. also publishes TIME, FORTUNE,
SPORTS ILLUSTRATED, ARCHITECTURAL
FORUM and HOUSE & HOME. Chairman of
the Board, Andrew Heiskell; Chairman,
Executive Committee, Roy E. Larsen;
Chairman, Finance Committee, Charles
L. Stillman; President, James A. Linen;
Executive Vice President and Treasurer,
D. W. Brumbaugh; Senior Vice President,
Howard Black; Vice President and Secre-
tary, Bernard Barnes: Vice Presidents:
Edgar R. Baker, Clay Buck hout, Arnold
W. Carlson, Allen Grover, C. D. Jackson,
Arthur R. Murphy Jr., Ralph D. Paine Jr..
P.I.Prentice, Weston C. Pullen Jr.; Comp
troller and Assistant Secretary, John F.
Harvey: Assistant Treasurer, W.O. Davis
Jr.; Assistant Comptroller and Assistant
Secretary, Charles L. Gleason Jr.
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23
NO
PT.
THE VOTER'S PROBLEM IS, WHY SETTLE
FOR A HACK OR A BUNGLER FOR MAYOR
WHEN YOU CAN GET AN INCOMPETENT?
24
MY BOY, LOUIS! Republican,
hopeful Lefkowitz beams at embrace
from Governor Rockefeller (above).
Likely loser Lefkowitz is charmed
(left) at recognition by Harlem
voter. "Ah! He knows me!"
STORY
OF
THE
WEEK
New York's political zoo is open again…
BODY AND SOUL. Incumbent Mayor
Robert Wagner, seeking re-election,
finds spiritual support in a Harlem
Baptist church (above) and then
gets an earthier endorsement from
bikini-clad girl at a beach Brooklyn.
26
HOLY
Japan
...See the reluctant dragon smite his myriad enemies...
27
...But please don't ask which end is up
Among the embarrassments that beset New York City is the fact that it
must elect its mayors in politically dull years, such as 1961, when every-
one can pay full attention. This is like requiring a man to have all his
family quarrels in public and to exhibit his two-headed brother in
Macy's window. Right now the doleful city is getting it double. The
city's mild-mannered mayor, Robert Wagner, prefers to smite it out in
the style shown the preceding pages. But suddenly he has become
"Fighting Bob," the reform candidate. He and the machine Democrats'
candidate, Arthur Levitt (above), are embroiled in a primary fight so
28
REGULAR EXERCISER. Arthur
Levitt, Democratic organization
candidate, works out in a
Manhattan gym. "It is time,"
he says, "for new energy."
bizarre that it requires the services of a skilled political zoologist to
explain it. Such a service is given on the next two pages.
Levitt is about a 7-5 choice to win the September primary. When that
fight is over, the same pair will probably battle each other all over again
in the November election, Levitt as the party candidate, Wagner as an
independent. Joining the fight will be the Republican, Louis Lefkowitz
(pp. 24, 25), who now goes about enjoying the Democrats' brotherly
bloodletting and being pleased when anybody pays any attention to him.
The air as usual is filled with acrimony and scandal-particularly in
education. The present nine-man Board of Education, enmeshed in bu-
reaucracy and inefficiency, has been abolished by legislation. All the
candidates, plus the governor, have zestfully played politics with the
issue. However, the New York voter can find some glimmerings of hope
in the quadrennial mess. Now that politics has been played with educa-
tion, it appears that some reforms in the dismal school system may soon
be made. The Tammany machine, now headed by Carmine DeSapio
(p. 31), which has ruled and ruined New York with few bright interludes
since the mid-19th Century, seems to be sputtering toward its final halt.
CONTINUED
B
LITTLE BOSS. Joseph Sharkey, 67,
runs the Brooklyn Democrats.
Wagner hurt his feelings by taking
a big job from a Brooklyn boy so
Sharkey now supports Levitt.
BIG BOSS. Congressman Charles
Buckley, 71 (below), crusty ruler
of the Bronx, is the most powerful
individual in New York City.
politics, gave word for Levitt.
How to click bait a person into having a seizure
What it all boils down to is:
the mayor vs. himself
REPUBLICANS
Louis Lefkowitz, Paul Fino, John Gilhooley
'REFORM' DEMOCRATS
Paul Screvane, Robert Wagner, Abraham Beame
'REGULAR' DEMOCRATS
Joseph DiFede, Arthur Levitt, Thomas Mackell
30
MIX AND SERVE. The recipe for victory
in minority-conscious New York calls
for tickets bearing Italian, Jewish and Irish
names. Of the candidates for mayor,
council president and comptroller,
Fino, Screvane and DiFede are Italian;
Lefkowitz, Beame and Levitt are Jewish;
Gilhooley and Mackell are Irish. Wagner's
name is German, but the Irish are
mollified because he is Catholic.
Mackell touches all bases: is Irish,
sings in Yiddish and Italian.
Murray Kempton, columnist for the New York
Post, is a sharp-tongued, clear-eyed observer
of New York City politics. Here he clears up
some of the awful confusion of the campaign.
by MURRAY KEMPTON
HE fact is, Robert F. Wagner does not
ernment, if not his trade, is compellingly Wag-
ner's heritage. The father was a U.S. senator;
and the son has always wanted to go to Wash-
ington. Now, his only hope for the Senate is
to be anointed again. To retire would mean
to carry all his failures into the oblivion to
which New York condemns its defeated may-
ors. For Robert F. Wagner, the way out has
to be the way in.
So, this cruel summer Robert F. Wagner
has found himself allied with the reform Dem-
ocrats and opposed to the organization Dem-
ocrats who were the altars of his father and
the temple of his gods. His new companions
are a frustrated amalgam of persons of the
kind who fill the P.T.A.s, revivify school
boards and unsettle the instruments of local
government. Their spirit has been without
practical application in New York City, whose
type of administrative structure is passing out
of history with the decline of the African col-
ony and the role of resident commissioner.
For eight years now, a minority of New
York's natives have been uplifted by itinerant
Democratic holy men, like Adlai Stevenson,
and resident wisewomen, like Mrs. Franklin
D. Roosevelt, who have propagated the doc-
trine that the citizen has a responsibility for
his government. But the reformers, like all
colonials, have had no alternative except agi-
tation in the streets. They searched the city for
a full year to find a man who would campaign
against what they described as the neglect and
indifference of the Wagner administration. In
the end the only man they could find bold
enough to run was Robert F. Wagner.
Wagner is running with zest against Tam-
many leader Carmine DeSapio ("I have always
found him to be a good man," said Robert
F. Wagner on Feb. 9, 1959). He is also run-
ning with some trepidation against Brooklyn
Democratic Chairman Joseph Sharkey ("one
of the most enlightened and responsible po-
litical leaders our city and state have ever
known" Robert F. Wagner, May 18 last).
and against Bronx Democratic Leader Charles
A. Buckley ("the greatest Democratic states-
man of our generation"-Robert F. Wagner,
May 11 last).
It was DeSapio who summoned up Wagner
almost from smoke by electing him against
the odds in another vicious Democratic pri-
mary in 1953. But neither man can fairly cry
treason now, because their debt to each other
is equal; in the process of elevating Wagner,
DeSapio also elevated himself to the status of
one of the great mythological specimens of
Democratic politics.
His career as a political mechanic has since
been no more successful than Wagner's as
mayor, although it has demonstrated a certain
superiority of elegance. DeSapio, the leader
of Manhattan's Tammany Hall, has moved
down the road to disaster wearing dark glasses
(a pictorial handicap made necessary by a
childhood optical ailment), a regal bearing
(which his enemies assert is fortified by cor
sets) and an addiction to bumping his way
through ornate utterances.
DeSapio reached his apogee in a suspen-
sion of the law of probability when he man-
aged to elect Averell Harriman governor of
New York in 1954. But it took a Republican,
Nelson Rockefeller in his victorious campaign
against Harriman in 1958, to discover what
has since become the first law of New York
politics: It matters not what you say, so long
as you say it against Carmine DeSapio.
Wagner is slow, but time teaches him ac-
cepted formulas. For him to run against De-
Sapio may be inconsistent with his history but
it is necessary to the existing reality. What
affronts the reason is that Wagner should be
caught running against Charles A. Buckley of
the Bronx. With the passing of Generalissimo
Trujillo, Buckley may now claim proprietor-
ship of the most closely ordered political prin-
cipality in the Western world.
Wagner is not so unreasonable a man as to
have planned to run against Buckley. He began
with reason to hope that the ritual sacrifice of
DeSapio would be enough to satisfy the re-
formers. But DeSapio disinterred and played
for Buckley a television interview with a reform
leader who had incautiously proclaimed that,
once DeSapio was devoured, Buckley would
be next. It was evidence enough to make Buck-
ley declare against the mayor.
With Buckley in the lead, the chiefs of the
Democratic party in all five boroughs chose
State Comptroller Arthur Levitt, a gray figure,
to run against the mayor in the Democratic
primary. At that point Wagner seemed marked
for doom on the theory that no man could
beat the organization in the primary. But that
theory had never been tested in a situation
where the organization is captained by Car-
mine DeSapio and challenged by an opponent
shrewd enough to hang his own record around
the necks of his opposition. In this circum-
stance, discretion would seem to have dictated
self-effacement by DeSapio; instead he has
joined so clamorously in the debate as to
make it seem that he is running for re-election.
When the New York Times reminded its
readers that DeSapio was not the man least
responsible for Robert Wagner's ascension,
DeSapio solemnly replied, "The employment
of semantics in order to create a gratuitous
dichotomy ill becomes the New York Times."
He has continued to embroider such elegancies
in the midst of reports that Puerto Ricans in
public housing projects were dropping their
garbage on the heads of his canvassers.
No matter who wins the Democratic pri-
mary, both sides promise to continue their
bloodletting after it is over. Wagner, in the
event of defeat there, says he still will run in
the general election in November. Altogether
it has seemed a dazzling opportunity for the
Republicans, who have not elected a mayor of
New York on their own since 1862. But the
only Republican to whom this opportunity
appears especially attractive is Governor Rock-
efeller. An election day which saw Rockefeller's
friend James Mitchell win the governorship
in neighboring New Jersey and a Republican
also win in New York City would certainly.
suggest dramatic consequences for Rockefel-
ler's presidential aspirations in 1964.
New York City, diamond though it might
be in their governor's crown, holds small glitter
for the state's professional Republicans. Since
the city seems to them unmanageable, they
have been content to leave its mismanagement
in the hands of the Democrats.
But the organization Republicans are pris-
oners of their governor and must watch
while he endangers them with the possible
embarrassment of victory. Last spring Rocke-
feller, in his imperialist zeal, tried to persuade
U.S. Senator Jacob Javits to run for mayor on
the Republican line. Javits, in the view of prac-
ticed observers, could hardly have escaped win-
ning; but he avoided this menace by discover-
ing a compelling interest in foreign policy
which could best be served from Washington.
Rockefeller was forced to settle for State At-
torney General Louis Lefkowitz, a willing man
who has poked about New York's slums with
an earnest expression of indignation.
By November, if Levitt wins the Democratic
primary and Wagner struggles on unrecon-
ciled, New York could have as many as six
candidates for mayor and not one visible hope
for arresting the city's decay. So, the faces on
the streets of New York are still those which
impelled a little girl, who came once to save
it with Billy Graham, to say that the people
of the city look as though they had played a
game and lost. Within this sea of misery, it
does not seem a major issue which of these
men will play the game and win.
'SIN' SYMBOL. This boat was
built by vocational students
for School Superintendent
John Theobald. He paid for
the materials and the deal
was legal. But his judgment
was bad and poor Theobald's
craft now represents
to many New Yorkers all that is
wrong with their schools.
"I'm thinking of calling it
My Sin," he says ruefully.
CONTINUED
ANTI-TAMMANY. In
Greenwich Village, Reform
Democrat James Lanigan
campaigns against
Carmine DeSapio for district
leader. Once suicidal,
the venture may now succeed.
INSIDE TAMMANY, Rare
picture shows Boss Tiger
DeSapio (standing) in his
lair. At right foreground
is Hulan Jack, former
Manhattan Borough President,
deposed for taking illegal gift.
Brooms are brandished
but who'll push 'em?
CLEAN
UP
NEW YORK
EFKOWITZ-FIND-
LEFKOWITZ-FINO-NA
GILHOOLEY
THE YOUNG HOPEFUL. John Gilhooley.
the Republican candidate for comptroller, has a wishful
slogan but his chances of success are almost nil.
32
THE SCARRED VETERAN. Paul Screvane,
running for City Council president with Wagner, made
his mark as an able sanitation commissioner.
MEN FOR THE JOB. If anyone ever does clean up
New York, it will be these stalwarts-new "whitewings'
LIFE on the
Newsfronts
of the World
0-16:8
Toward Berlin showdown
Through a week of Communist probings in Berlin, U.S.
determination to resist but not provoke was reflected in
the face of Colonel Glover Johns Jr. (opposite page) and
in the convoy (above) he commanded as it moved to re-
inforce Berlin. Events there moved closer to a showdown.
The East Germans closed all but one of the city's crossings
Berlin fuse burns short...
Reds shoot a refugee...
Our troubles move to U.N....
Senate surveys gambling ...
Coypu menaces England...
Plague comes out of China
to Allied troops, tried to get control of a 110-yard strip
of West Berlin by warning all persons to stay that far
from the border. Reacting so rapidly they did not even
consult their governments, Allied commanders dispatched
troops and tanks to defend the strip. The U.S. reiterated
its stand that Communist intrusion on Allied access rights
would be an "aggressive act." A high-level East-West
meeting on Berlin seemed inevitable, but each tense day
brought the possibility of bloodshed at the barricades.
Y
34
BORDER VIGIL AND DEATH.
Taut West Berliners crowd close
to a U.S. tank and its battle-
ready crewmen guarding the sec-
tor border (above). In the East,
transport police (opposite page)
haul body of young East Ber-
liner from the river Spree. First
casualty of the two-week crisis,
he tried to swim to freedom and
was machine-gunned by East
German guards from a bridge.
Newsfronts
CONTINUED
STANDING UP FOR THE WEST: DEAN RUSK, LORD HOME, COUVE DE MURVILLE AND ADLAI STEVENSON
Our troubles move to the U.N.:
an inside report on the stakes
The apex of U.S. foreign policy is
shifting from Washington to New
York's East River. There, at the
U.N.'s 16th General Assembly, all the
world's major crises and most of its
minor ones will be aired in a dramatic
East-West confrontation. LIFE Wash-
ington Correspondent John Mulliken
reports on US. plans, problems and
prospects
Washington planners are marshaling
their wits for a September diplomatic
offensive in the U.N. President Ken-
nedy may take part personally with a
sweeping new appeal for general dis
armament. But in the changed power
politics of the U.N., the U.S. is al-
ready plotting secondary lines of de-
fense on massive questions like Berlin
and Red China. The solid 66-0 U.N.
rebuke to France in last week's vote
on Bizerte confirms what France's De
Gaulle has been saying for months:
the U.N. is not the same now that
there are 99 nations in it. On a one-
vote-per-country basis the West no
longer can summon a majority every
time it needs one. Torn between its
friendship for France and nervous-
ness about Arab and African feelings,
the US. abstained on the Tunisian
Signs
of the
FUTURE
MUNCHING MENACE
In England, long after East Anglian
farmers have put down their guns for
the night, they lie awake listening to
the sounds of a relentless invasion
rolling up from the fens and marsh-
lands. "It's horrible," said a Suffolk
man. "The bellowing is like a cow in
pain. A dismayed farmer warned.
They're coming up on the highlands
now. They'll be masters of the land
in three years.
The invader is a web-footed, whisk-
ery swamp beaver called coypu. It
has a greedy appetite for everything
from tree trunks to beet roots and an
incredible facility for propagation.
The trouble can be tracked back to
a stormy night in 1937 when eight
of the little animals escaped from
their pens in the coypu farm of P.E.T.
vote. Now the State Department has
to seck support from the neutralists
on grave issues which involve not only
Western cold war positions but the
survival of the UN itself.
The US will focus on two big
objectives: disarmament and self-
determination for all nations. The
U.S. hopes somehow to take the ini-
tiative on disarmament. Nuclear test
ban negotiator Arthur Dean and the
U.S. delegation will go to mat with
the Russians on inspection. If the
Russians duck this issue in the U.N.
our reasoning goes, we will at least
have put an end to their two-year
exploitation of "disarmament" as a
propaganda weapon.
The most immediately menacing
issue of all, Berlin, is not even on the
agenda yet. But it is bound to domi-
nate the speechmaking. U.S. planners
are preparing to back their legal ar-
guments on Berlin which bore or
confuse most of the non-European
world with an emotional case for
"self-determination for all peoples,
including Germans. Probably Khru-
shchev does not want the U.N. to get
control of Berlin as an issue; he took
that chance last year on the Congo
THE UNWANTED COYPU
Carill-Worsley in Norfolk. In 24
years, munching and multiplying
across the land, the eight have be-
come more than a half million. They
have laid waste some 40.000 acres,
and farmers have vainly tried to de
fend themselves by catching the ani-
mals in rows of traps. One farmer
had 460 kills to his credit over a re-
cent 10-wock period. "But we've only
killed a flea-bite's worth," said a coy-
pu hunter. There are just too many.
The coypu pelt at least used to be
worth something. It was once popu-
lar for expensive ladies coats and
and got licked. However, a Big Four
Foreign Ministers' meeting in New
York, parallel to the U.N. session, is
a strong possibility. The US and
Britain want it. The French are skep-
tical that there is yet anything to ne-
gotiate. But the West's go-slow, act-
tough attitude has been thrown out
of kilter by the Reds toughness over
Berlin, and last week even West Ger-
man political parties conceded that
negotiations had better start before
their September elections.
Then there is the perennial-and
equally serious issue of Red China's
admission to the UN. It appears
that policy planners in Washington
are pessimistic about the chances of
getting another moratorium-that is
avoiding debate on the issue. Instead,
the best that State Secretary Rusk and
U.N. Ambassador Stevenson now
hope for is to delay a final vote by
tying up the whole Red China issue
in committee study. The wisdom of
this tactic is questionable. At the very
feast it will open up the subject to full
and bitter debate. Should we then
lose the case, the US must face the
fact that this might conceivably re-
move Nationalist China from the
body and possibly wreck it altogether.
We have to hold on the big issues
and win the small ones." one plan-
ner said. "If we start losing the small
ones, then we are really in trouble."
was used to line RAF jackets during
the war. But that market has all but
disappeared. Some London restau-
rants serve coypu meat in a casserole
delicately camouflaged as "Argentine
hare." The farmers believe it will take
more than shot, stole and stew to
save their lands. A 20th-Century Pied
Piper to lead the animals into the
North Sea would do the trick.
SUMMER'S CHOICE
The summer season, often a time for
unusual business enterprise, has this
year turned up an assortment of ultra-
modern conveniences:
► Fresh-frozen martinis on a stick
that can be licked like popsicles. Made
by the Cherry-Burrell Corp. of Cedar
Rapids, lowa, expressly for the sci-
entific satisfaction of the Cherry-
Burrell Corp.
►Burglar-alarm cannons of French
manufacture that attach to window
U.A.W. contract
with the compact
Detroit's auto workers are engaged
in the triennial cockfight of contract
negotiations. For once the first round
has not been fought in the Big Three
bargaining pit but with little Ameri
can Motors.
American offered hourly workers
an unprecedented profit-sharing plan.
To reconcile the offer with union
cost-of-living and annual-improve
ment clauses Walter Reuther person-
ally took over negotiations. If he
could sign a contract fast with Ameri
can, he could flash it in big-deal nego-
tiations this work with GM, Ford
and Chrysler. The Big Three had no
intention of offering a profit-sharing
plan, but they would be loath to have
American praised by Reuther as the
one "generous, progressive" compe-
ny and let themselves take the rap for
an economy-crippling strike.
While the rest of the industry
stalled, American and the U.A.W.
reached an agreement, complete with
profit sharing and most of the old
contract's benefits as well. It left the
U.A.W. and Big Three still arguing.
but this sounded more ceremonial
than real. There were details to
work out. There might even be a short
strike. But neither management nor
labor acted as if it intended to spoil
the rosy prospects for 1962.
Jimmy Hoffa shares a problem with
East Germany's Walter Ulbricht-
many want to flee his workers para-
dise. Last week fed up St. Louis Yel-
low Cab drivers voted to join an in-
dependent union. This is the 7th
splinter group to defect in 6 weeks
and brings to almost 10.000 the
number of Teamsters who have se-
ceded since boss Hoffa tightened his
stranglehold on the union at last
July's national convention.
Unlike Ulbricht, Jimmy lacks a
Big Brother to shut off the escape
hatch. In fact A.F.L.-C.I.O. President
George Meany has offered open sup-
port to rebel factions that want to
return to his fold. Holla, who has
frames fire warning blanks loudly
when windows are tampered with
The weapon can be armed with live
ammunition
► Cowash, automatic cow-washing
machine, cleans from head to hoof
and provides invigorating high-speed
brush massage as quick as a moo-
4½ seconds.
► Antinuclear-blast underwear, re-
cently tested at Utah's Dugway prov-
ing grounds. Fabric contents of long
johns and comments of Gls who wore
them are still classified.
► Beer-can launcher that sends empty
cans spiraling a hundred or more feet
in the air for wing and trap shooting
practice.
► Quick-frozen full meals at the gas
station: soup (25e), pot roast with
potatoes and corn ($1.10) and peach
pie (25e). Now trying the idea in
Ohio, the Stouffer Restaurant Corp.
will spread the innovation all over
the U.S. if demand warrants.
outmaneuvered everyone else's at-
tempts to unseat him, was worried
enough to fly to the Midwest and
take personal command of the fight.
to hold his Teamsters in line.
Senators survey
low-belly
strippers
The Senate subcommittee on investi-
gations scheduled its hearings on U.S.
gambling to speed passage of a bill
prohibiting the interstate transmis-
sion of race track information. By
the time the hearings were ready to go.
on stage, the bill had passed the Sen-
ate. But the facts dug up by Senate
investigators were pretty impressive.
Some were frightful, some were de-
lightful and the senators got a full
postgraduate course in the language.
of nonpolitical poker and other back-
room games. Some definitions:
►"Bust-out man": an operator who
switches the crooked dice ("bevels,"
"flats" or "bricks") in and out of a
crap game.
"Come-back money": the money.
spent by bookies at trackside to alter
the odds on horses.
"Tip book' a punchboard made
to look like a book of matches.
"Low-belly strippers": doctored
playing cards.
Senators learned that bookies em-
ploy full-time athletic scouts who
provide point-spread estimates during
the week before important football
and basketball games. They learned
that "loads" can be hidden even in
transparent dice by adding metal.
shavings to the paint in the spots,
that sharpers can gain a "viggerish"
(edge or profit) by shaving mere
30 thousandths of an inch from a
die's side, and that gambling part-
ners can exchange informative shocks
of electricity through tiny transistor-
ized radio prompters strapped to their
arms and legs.
Most of these cheating aids, the tes-
timony brought out, can be bought
openly from manufacturers' catalogs
-$10 a quart for invisible card-mark-
ing ink, $160 a pair for rose-tinted
contact lenses to see the ink, $85 for
a dozen trick decks, $75 for an under-
sleeve card holder which flips aces
into the trained palm. There is a new
phone service called WATS which is
wildly popular with bookies because
for a flat fee it lets customers make
unlimited long-distance calls to speci-
fied areas without any record kept.
A gambling detective reported that
one out of 20 crap games is crooked
and one out of 10 poker games. "It
appears to me," said Senator Samuel
Ervin of North Carolina, "that gam-
bling being a game of chance no long-
er holds true."
The gambling problem is not fun
and games either. It is almost always
the opening wedge for police depart-
ment corruption, and the laws that
exist just don't work. The recent one
requiring professional gamblers to
buy $50 stamps is unenforceable: in
New York City only two out of 2,600
known gamblers have bought them.
The 10% tax on gambling proceeds
is equally unenforced; only $7 million
is collected each year out of an esti-
mated $5 billion that should be. As a
result the senators are trying to draft
more workable bills including a fed-
eral wiretap law to get at the big
transcontinental bookies.
Hopeful try at a
problem of plenty
After a decade of mounting surpluses
and falling farm income, there is some
evidence of a temporary turn-around.
In the case of corn the emergency
controls voted by Congress last spring
(and re-enacted in the new farm bill)
seem to have worked. With acreage
down 20% and support prices up 14c
a bushel, the 1961 crop has been cut
back 500-700 million bushels below.
1960's despite better than average
growing conditions.
Last week the nation's 900,000
wheat farmers voted to ratify another
stiff set of federal controls: a 10%
cutback in next year's wheat acreage,
coupled with a 21é-a-bushel increase
(to an even $2) in the guaranteed
support price. Farmers who volun-
SEA OF DIAMONDS
Hunting diamonds at the bottom of
the sea would seem to hold as much
promise as searching for Moby-Dick
in a teacup, but two American pipe-
line specialists are looking. Sam
Collins and Emerson Kailey of the
Marine Diamond Corp. will gamble
about $5 million on an attempt to
vacuum up diamonds they believe
may have washed down South Afri-
can rivers to accumulate in seabeds
or are in natural deposits. The search,
approved by the South African gov-
ernment, will be made at depths down
to 100 feet. Heavy airjets will be used
to loosen undersea topsoil and force
it up pipes to waiting barges. There
the processing and final prospect-
ing-will be done. South African ge-
ologists are divided in their opinions
of whether Collins and Kailey are
chasing an expensive pipedream or the
biggest, deepest diamond mine of all.
YOUNG RUSK'S
HAPPY STATE
The week's news kept
Secretary of State Dean
Rusk busy, but there
was time for a happy ca-
ble of congratulations to
Buenos Aires, where his
20-year-old son David
Patrick had just married
Delcia Bence, the daugh-
ter of a wealthy Argen-
tine doctor. The couple.
(right), who met when
Delcia was an exchange
student at Scarsdale
(N.Y.) High School, will
return to the Universi-
ty of California this fall..
tarily reduce their acreage an addi-
tional 30% will receive a 60% sub-
sidy for the ungrown portion of their
crop.
How much all this will cost is a big
question. At first it is likely to cost
more, although Agriculture Secretary
Freeman claims that in the end it
should cost less than the enormous
harvests of the 1950s which Ezra Ben-
son's low-support policy produced.
Because of widespread drought, the
wheat crop was already down this
year before the farmers voted, and
Freeman hopes the new controls will
cut next year's crop 100 million bush-
els under normal demand. This would
allow him to begin eating into the
$5.6 billion grains surplus which now
costs the taxpayer $1.3 million a day.
to keep in storage. Freeman hopes to
get that figure down to $300,000 a
day by 1963.
Far-right
revivalists
A new kind of "revival meeting"
serving the nonreligious ends of an
outfit called the "Christian Anti-
Communism Crusade" is being held
with full hullabaloo and political por-
tent in Los Angeles this week. Like
nine other "crusades" in U.S. cities
during the last year, it is presided
over by Frederick C. Schwarz, 48, an
Australian evangelist gone secular.
Schwarz preaches doomsday by Com-
munism in 1973 unless every Ameri-
can starts distrusting his neighbor as
a possible Communist or "comsymp"
(Communist sympathizer).
Schwarz tries to appear less extreme
than the John Birch Society, and he
publicly disavows Birchism. How-
ever, his local steering committees
have often included known Birchers.
Schwarz himself landed in this coun-
try with $10 in his pocket in 1953,
but he has built the "crusade" into a
$500,000 business. Having persuaded
41 California mayors to proclaim this
week as an official "anti-Communism
week," he now plans to take the road
show on to New Orleans and Colum-
bus, then, tentatively, to Chicago,
Washington and New York.
10
VOICES
▸ "As more women take high-paying
professional jobs there will be an in-
creasing number of situations where
men will have to become housekeep-
ers and secondary wage earners,"
United Auto Workers official Lewis
Carliner warned. "In the area around.
Wilkes-Barre, Pa. unemployed coal
miners are staying home and keeping
house while their wives work in the
garment factories. Some of their wives
even stop in the bar after work for
a drink on the way home."
► Making a case for piloted aircraft
in the missile age, General Curtis Le-
May, Air Force Chief of Staff, said:
"It costs a lot of money to fire a mis-
sile, especially the intercontinental
variety. You must fire some to train
crews. But common sense and budget
limitations prevent you from firing
too many. So you don't get a chance
to build up experience with a missile.
to the extent that you do with a
manned weapon.
▸ Announcement that Congress will
not crack down on expense accounts
this year drew a sigh of relief from
Restaurateur Jerry Berns, co-owner
of New York's extravagant "21":
"The scare they've thrown into those
people who might abuse the income
tax laws has served its purpose."
▸ "Professional pride demands ful-
fillment. When you miss out on an
accomplishment you are unsatisfied.
I was pretty damn upset. And that
goes for the players, too," said Gene
Mauch, manager of the Philadelphia
Phillies whose missed accomplish-
ments add up to a modern record:
23 games lost in a row.
Getting wind of an Army plot to
replace the familiar fatigue cap with
baseball-style headgear, Rep. Corne-
lius E. Gallagher, Democrat of New
Jersey, protested: "The Army quar-
termaster has certain tendencies to
change uniform designs as dras-
tically as Paris dress designers change
feminine styles."
"It is fully recognized that if re-
covery turns into boom, if inflation
threatens, if the payments balance.
worsens, central banking policy, as
our most flexible instrument, can be
quickly revised to become an instru-
ment of restriction instead of a gen-
erator of expansion," warned Walter
Heller, chairman of the President's
Council of Economic Advisers.
► Conceding there had been a "con-
temptible" mass departure of doc-
tors, professors and other intellectuals
from his Red island, Cuba's Fidel
Castro said: "While some desert the
university, the schools are being filled
by waves by tens of thousands-of
revolutionary youngsters who are cre-
ating the generations of technicians.
and professionals of the revolution."
▸ To German soldiers about to train.
in Wales, the German magazine Der
Spiegel gave this advice on how to
get along with the British: "Keep say-
ing the word 'sorry' to the people.
This helps in all difficulties."
CONTINUED
39
Newsfronts CONTINUED
B
In his capital, Brazil's President Ja-
Quits for Quadros;
a victory for Jagan
nio Quadros (above) issued a med-
al to Castro's Red henchman, Che
Guevara. A few days later he re-
signed, partly blaming opposition to his friendship toward Cuba and
the Russians. In Georgetown, British Guiana Left-Winger Cheddi Jagan
(right) celebrated an election which will make him prime minister. Both
of the moves probably mean more South American support for Castro.
KWANG HING'S
UPL
PER
Daddy's Towing the golf
cart for her favor-
caddy ite client was the
best-looking and
suddenly best-known caddy in
Cannes. Blonde Françoise Pelle-
grino, 22, was found by photog-
raphers stalking the fairways of an
exclusive French golf course after
Joseph P. Kennedy, the President's
father. Françoise, Kennedy'scaddy
for five years, plans to marry this
week but is keeping divvys on her
job. "I told Monsieur Kennedy that
when I have a baby I will bring
it along with us in the golf bag."
Cholera
fright
Screaming in the
consoling arms of
a police officer, a
Hong Kong boy
reacted to a cholera shot in an
urgent program to immunize all the
British colony's population. The
dread disease had spread from Chi-
na's mainland where the Commu-
nists had never admitted having an
epidemic. Said one weary Hong
Kong doctor, "Damn them. They
had this thing raging in there and
they tried to keep it a secret. I don't
care if they're Communists or im-
EDITORIALS
SUPER-BOOM,
YES-BUST, NO
ARRING war, the U.S. is heading into the most pros-
years has ever prospect
jobs and better jobs than Americans have ever held before, for
the most plentiful choice of products Americans have ever
faced, for great new surges of building-factories, skyscrap-
ers, bowling alleys, apartment houses, churches, swimming
pools, everything.
What looked only a few months ago like a nice recovery
from a mild recession now looks like the early stage of a super-
boom. This, of course, has its dangers, but first let's look at
the encouraging signs:
► The big bull market, which got under way again in July,
set a new record just before the Berlin clamp-down, then
braved all the subsequent headline jitters to set two new ones.
▸ Industrial production, which in April began the strongest
recovery upsurge in 20 years, set a new record in July of 112
on the Federal Reserve Board index. Even more impressive,
the record was made at a time when steel production was still
at only some 60% of capacity vs. 95.5% in January 1960 when
the FRB index made its last previous record of 111. Moreover,
steel itself is now picking up. The industry expects to produce
more in September than in any month since April 1959, even
before the big demand starts from the retooled auto industry.
▸ New 1962 car models are expected to top 6.5 million sales,
possibly go over 7 million to challenge 1955's all-time record
of 7.2 million.
▸ This will be the best farm income year since Korea. With
the number of farms 25% less than 1950's, net realized in-
come per farm is expected to set a new record of $3,300.
▸ Employment rose 1.25 million in four months-more than
twice the corresponding gain made in the 1958 recovery-
FOREIGN AID,
LET'S MEAN IT
A
FTER spending 16 years and $84 billion on the expensive
but necessary business of U.S. foreign aid, its administra-
tors both Democratic and Republican-have agreed on one
lesson: both intelligent planning and effective execution of
large developmental programs require long-term financing.
This assurance of year-to-year support would make it
easier for a country like India, for example, to set aside the
necessary resources to get maximum use from six industrial
projects, totaling $153 million, approved by the Development
Loan Fund. It would make it easier for administrators and
engineers to schedule all the phases of such complex projects.
And by guaranteeing continuity, it would make possible large-
scale developments (e.g., major land reform in Latin America)
which nations might otherwise hesitate to begin.
The logic of all this was plain when President Eisenhower
sought a similar program in 1957, although a Democratic
Congress denied it. And it was plainer still when President
Kennedy, in this year's foreign aid bill, sought five-year bor-
rowing authority for $8.8 billion of developmental loans.
to 53,160,000 jobs. FORTUNE, which earlier had predicted
a "super-boom" bringing full employment in 1962, now
finds the 1961 boom "speeding ahead of all predictions, and
the newest defense step-up has hastened the coming of the
super-boom."
▸ New boosts in defense spending caused FORTUNE to esti-
mate that the Gross National Product by next spring may be
$5 billion or even $10 billion higher than the $560 billion rate
(in constant prices) it had forecast for mid-1962. It concludes:
"A $600 billion G.N.P. is appearing on the horizon for the
end of next year."
We're glad to bring such good tidings, but the euphoric
glow shouldn't blind us to some perils. The Kennedy admin-
istration has added $10 billion to the government's fiscal
burden not more than $4.8 billion attributable to defense
costs. The remaining $5.2 billion is made up of sums added
for civilian spending.
This "spending as usual" proceeds on the eve of the super-
boom which FORTUNE predicts will strain the economy to
capacity. What's wrong with capacity? Well, by the time the
economy is in full roar next year, industry may be scrambling
not only for materials but for manpower as well.
The big problem, instead of jobs, may again be to keep
these pressures from blowing the lid off inflation. July's new
record high in the cost-of-living index will increase the pres-
sure by triggering many automatic wage increases. Already
some economists fear that war-type priorities may soon have
to be imposed on defense materials.
These dangers should set the Administration hunting for
fat to cut out of civilian spending. Instead it released $818
million of highway funds for new contracts ahead of sched-
ule. It ought to be cracking down on such loose management
practices and getting ready, if need be, to raise taxes to pay
for the necessary increases in defense.
The boom is already swelling the Treasury's revenues from
fatter profits, but prudent management of the super-boom
would see these bigger revenues transforming the present in-
flationary deficit into surpluses. This could make the super-
boom a beneficent giant rather than a runaway monster.
The Senate, including 20 Republicans who joined 46 Dem-
ocrats to approve $8 billion of the program, agreed it was
necessary. But the House, in a surprising revolt, refused to
go along. It stripped the bill of all long-term features, ap-
proved merely a one-year lump of $1.2 billion. Understand-
ably, many congressmen feared relinquishing the House's
power of the purse to make appropriations every year; many
had other thoroughly defensible objections which Gover-
nor Rockefeller supports to Kennedy's proposed method
of financing the $8 billion through "back-door" Treasury
loans rather than appropriating the requested sums within
the regular budget.
However, the Senate bill provides adequate power of con-
gressional review-even veto-of each foreign aid project.
The Senate and House conference committee, now seeking
to reconcile the two bills as passed, may find a compromise
giving Congress greater control. What the committee does
seem likely to do is to restore the vital principle of long-term
financing-if not for five years, at least for three. The desir-
ability of that principle outweighs objections to particular
methods of establishing it. The opponents of back-door
financing have not come up with practical alternatives.
Therefore we hope the so-far reluctant House, in the final
showdown on the conference compromise, will join the Sen-
ate in providing effective foreign aid. To do less would simply
assure more waste and inefficiency in a program which has
already seen far too much of both.
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rewarding fragrance of coffee - lives inside every jar. The
coffee for people who love good coffee and plenty of it...
ALL NEW SANKA COFFEE... still 97% caffein-free.
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genuine
THE MAD HAPPY
SURFERS
CONTINUED
A Way of Life on the Wavetops
To
T
Hawaiians started it, but
the Johnny-come-lately Californians
have taken it from there. Now the surf
that sweeps in on the beaches
bears flotillas of enthusiasts standing
on long buoyant boards. Almost every wave
carries a "hot dogger" doing tricks
or sometimes even dressed in outlandish garb
(see preceding page). Surfing.
just beginning to catch on around
the rest of the U.S., has become
an established craze in California.
There some 30,000 revel in the delights
of mounting their boards on waves
hundreds of feet out and riding them in,
feeling as though they could go on forever.
The addicts are mostly teen-agers for whom
the sport, besides being healthy and
immensely exhilarating, has become a cult.
A new vocabulary has sprung up.
with such words as "kook" (a beginner)
and "ho-daddy" (intruding wise guy).
"If you're not a surfer," explains one high
school surfer, "you're not "in."
If you're a good surfer, you're always in.
All you've got to do is walk up and down
the beach with a board and you've got girls."
Photographed for LIFE
by ALLAN GRANT
TOBON
The exhilaration
of surfing shines in
the face of 16-year-old
Larry Shaw, carrying
his nine-foot-long board
at Malibu, and is
enjoyed en masse (right)
by devoted surfers
riding on a long roller
at Doheny Beach.
The toddler (left)
tangling with seaweed
on a miniature board
is the kookiest kind
of kook," but he stays
in shallow water where
there is no danger of
"going over the falls"
(being caught in a
breaking wave) or having
his board "pearl"
(plunge straight down
in surf). If his surfing
career goes well,
he will be a "gremlin"
in a few years, running
errands for older
surfers. Eventually,
like the full-fledged
"hot doggers" above,
he will head for the beach
in a remodeled vintage
vehicle called
a "surfwagon."
Such a buggy confers
great prestige on surfers,
but not quite as much
as a remodeled hearse.
The group at right
is waiting for the sea
to act up and produce
a "good set of heavies"
(big, rideable waves).
&
A Kook and Hot-Doggers
Hoping for Heavies
CONTINUED
The Duffers Dunked,
Expert Riding High
The antics of surfers
reflect varying degrees of
skill. The sub-expert at
left began on back of
board, which gives
slower but surer ride. To
gain speed, he moved.
up front, lost control
and is about to go
"into the soup."
(Only experts do
"toes over," going to
board's nose for top
speed.) Below, a fallen
surfer clings to board
lest it go free and be
thrown into others or get
banged up on rocks or
beach. Most girls lack
strength required of
good surfers. Some try
hard; others mostly
decorate the shallows
(right). Hugh Foster
(far right), an expert,
shifts weight and
executes maneuver called
Tri
rying new furniture in the Red Room,
Mrs. Kennedy pitches in to move a Hepplewhite
reproduction, and (right) surveys the effect.
First
Lady
TO THE WHITE HOUSE
In the feminine world of the White House, a bustling excitement
marks the young First Lady's enterprise. Striving to restore
the mansion's authentic look and feeling, Jacqueline Kennedy
(see cover) has set out to bring back the furnishings and the art
BRINGS HISTORY AND BEAUTY
of America's illustrious past and finds herself embarked on a dusty
but fascinating adventure. Searching through basement corners,
she has unearthed forgotten treasures pushed aside by the succession
of first families. The President has given husbandly
encouragement and, believing that her new home truly belongs
to the American people, Mrs. Kennedy wants them to know
what she is doing and why. So she has given LIFE the privilege
of accompanying her as she works at and talks about her absorbing project.
Photographed for LIFE by Edward Clark and Nina Leen
WY
Lincoln's ornate walnut bed stands in his old Cabinet room,
now a bedroom used by visiting dignitaries. Portrait of Lincoln, by Douglas Volk,
was borrowed by Mrs. Kennedy from Washington's National Gallery.
CONTINUED
55
56
by HUGH SIDEY
Jacqueline Kennedy paused recently in the
graceful Oval Room on the second floor of
the White House and looked out between the
white pillars and down across a majestic sweep
of the capital to the Jefferson Memorial and
00.000
the Washington Monument in the distance.
At the end of the lawn could be seen a line of
tourists, four abreast. She spoke regretfully.
All these people come to see the White
House," she said, "and once inside it they see
practically nothing that dates back before
1948. Every boy who comes here should see
....
n the Blue Room, the First Lady
helps put up an elaborate Monroe-era candelabrum
whose shank is a gilt caryatid.
things that develop his sense of history. For
the girls, the house should look beautiful and
lived-in. They should see what a fire in the fire-
place and pretty flowers can do for a house;
the White House rooms should give them a
sense of all that."
Even as she talked, Mrs. Kennedy was
Lincoln's dinner plates, bordered in lavender,
were unearthed and are now used by Mrs. Kennedy
despite some chips and cracks. The other
pieces of the set shown here had previously been
kept on display in the White House.
Everything must have a reason for being there'
using a paper prepared for her by the Smith-
sonian Institution. Its most salient point, she
feels, is expressed in these words: "First of all,
plotting new aspects of what she calls "my
project." This, which she has assigned her-
self as the major task of her career as First
Lady, is to bring to the interior of the White
House the purity, beauty and the strong feel
of national tradition implicit in the build-
ing's noble exterior lines.
SPECIAL CORNISH HEN
FROZEN CHICKEN
KEEP AWAY FROM SEAT
"Everything in the White House," she says,
"must have a reason for being there. It would
be sacrilege merely to 'redecorate' it a word
I hate. It must be restored-and that has
nothing to do with decoration. That is a ques-
tion of scholarship.".
As a guide to the restoration project she is
24 LARGE PACKAGES
SOS
Mrs.
rs. Kennedy lifts carton in which silver
was carried to room where finds are gathered.
White House curator, Lorraine Pearce, looks in desk.
TEXT CONTINUED
ON PAGE 62
57
.......
s Washington burns in 1814,
Sir George Cockburn, British admiral,
assumes conqueror's stance as
Dolley Madison (right) rescues
documents from flaming White House.
58
Changing Eras of Tenants and of Tastes
Somehow the White House has survived
relatively intact despite the ravages of war and
the whims of the 33 presidents who have
lived there all the presidents except
George Washington, who laid the cornerstone in
1792. Burned by the British in 1814, the White
House, according to tradition, was painted white to
cover the smoke marks. The restoration.
fortunately fell to Monroe, a traveled man
of taste in an era of fine design.
eeping mourners crowd into the East Room
in 1865 to file past the catafalque where Lincoln lies.
A few days before the assassination, Lincoln
told friends of a strange dream: he had gone
into the East Room and seen mourners passing his bier.
t 1837 reception Andrew Jackson,
"People's President,
put a reeking 1,400-pound cheese
in the vestibule. The public, invited in,
demolished it in two hours.
Martin Van Buren painted the Blue Room blue,
Millard Fillmore brought in the first stove,
supplanting an open fireplace for cooking, and Mrs.
Benjamin Harrison happily failed
to effect the most drastic changes of all (below).
In Harry Truman's presidency, the mansion's
ancient timbers were found unsafe so
the entire interior was rebuilt and then refurnished.
largely with modern copies. One
White House renovator of the recent past admired
by Mrs. Kennedy is Theodore Roosevelt,
whose tastes she finds remarkably akin to her own.
Mama An Ima
VIEW FROM THE SOUTH-
OF THE RESIDENCE WINGS
CONSERVATORY AND COURT-
In Blue Room, Rutherford Hayes receives
first resident Chinese ambassador.
hester Arthur sits at desk resurrected
for the President (pp. 64, 65). Arthur sold
masses of White House antiques.
The Hayeses, famous for temperance, added to the
White House a gift from the W.C.T.U.-a portrait
of Mrs. Hayes, known as "Lemonade Lucy."
ECUTIVENCE
-VIEW FROM NORTH-
PEN
In earlier President's wife wanted to
change the White House. Mrs. Benjamin Harrison
proposed enlarging living quarters by adding
two wings (top) and a conservatory (bottom). But
the bill for the change died in the House.
or President Taft's bulk, a special
oversized bathtub was built. Here four
men at the factory demonstrate its capacity.
urnishing Blue Room, Mrs. Kennedy
carries a footstool of Teddy Roosevelt's era.
Eventually room will be in Monroe period.
CONTINUED
A Dusty Hunt
for Forgotten
Bits of the Past
Surrounded by the discards of presidential households
relegated to basement oblivion, Mrs. Pearce studies each
for clues as to its date and value. Below, Secretary
Janet Felton (left), the First Lady and Mrs. Pearce
go over the White House plans, deciding where to place what.
On table are letters offering antiques. If one
is promising, a member of an advisory committee checks on it.
S
convocation of early busts was discovered by the
intrepid ladies stored in men's room-except for that of
George Washington which was donated. The others, clockwise
from Washington, are Van Buren; Columbus; John Bright,
a British statesman; and Amerigo Vespucci. The bust of
Bright, done for Lincoln, has been returned to Lincoln Room.
CONTINUED
61
I
n the Blue Room, under portrait
of Washington, stands Monroe
pier table, found by Mrs. Kennedy
in the carpenter shop. Vases and
Washington bust were also Monroe's.
n old photograph of Lincoln
with his Cabinet showed this portrait
of Andrew Jackson in the background.
Mrs. Kennedy put the portrait in
the same spot, now the Lincoln Room.
62
TEXT CONTINUED
FROM PAGE 57
First Lady
the White House does and must continue to represent
the living, evolving character of the executive branch
of the national government. Its occupants have been
persons of widely different geographical, social and
economic backgrounds, and accordingly of different
cultural and intellectual tastes.... It would therefore
be highly inadvisable, even if it were possible, to fix
on a single style of decorations and furnishings for a
building that ought to reflect the whole history of
the presidency. .."
"This," says Mrs. Kennedy, "should put to rest the
fears of people who think we might restore the build-
ing to its earliest period. leaving out all that came
after, or fill it with French furniture, or hang modern
pictures all over it and paint it whatever color we like.
The White House belongs to our past and no one
who cares about our past would treat it that way."
Instead of trying to make the White House look.
the way it did at some particular period, Mrs. Ken-
nedy intends to incorporate in the restoration authen-
tic reminders of the great Americans who lived in the
mansion during its 161 years. To accomplish this she
must lure back to the White House furniture used by
past Presidents but later sold or given away. Equally
important, she must inspire collectors to part with
choice pieces of Americana. This presents a major
problem: no collector wants to give a cherished object
to the White House if it may someday disappear, as
has so often happened in the past.
To meet this problem, two members of Congress,
Representative J. T. Rutherford of Texas and Senator
Clinton Anderson of New Mexico, introduced a bill
last month under which White House objects of art
not in use will be displayed at the Smithsonian.
"I hope the Smithsonian will also maintain a per-
manent curator at the White House to see that things.
are properly cared for," Jacqueline Kennedy says.
"For example, the famous Healy portrait of Lincoln
in the State Dining Room has a damaged spot that
measures eight inches across. Many other presidential
portraits are in disrepair. We asked for estimates to
restore pictures and frames and the total came to
$55,000. How can we ask Congress to appropriate
that much when in these days the money is needed
for so many things?
"The White House belongs to the American people.
A curator would take care that it is preserved for them."
Subconsciously Jacqueline Kennedy may have first
felt the desire to restore the White House long before
sheeverdreamed of becoming the mansion'schatelaine.
"My mother brought me to Washington one Easter
when I was 11," she recalled recently. "That was the
first time I saw the White House. From the outside I
remember the feeling of the place. But inside, all I re-
member is shuffling through. There wasn't even a
booklet you could buy. Mount Vernon and the Na-
tional Gallery of Art and the FBI made a far greater
impression. I remember the FBI especially because
they fingerprinted me."
She became even more aware of the White House
and what she calls its "interior remoteness" after mar-
riage when, as the wife of a senator, she was invited
there for receptions and occasional lunches.
And so, after the gradual build-up of her interest.
in the building, she was all set for the joys and trials
of living there when it began to look as though she
might become a resident. "The minute I knew that
Jack was going to run for President," she recalled,
"I knew the White House would be one of my main
projects if he won."
Her resolution carried with it a momentary wifely
disloyalty from which, however, she soon recovered.
"When I first moved into the White House, I
thought, I wish I could be married to Thomas Jef
ferson because he would know best what should be
done to it. But then I thought, no, President's wives
have an obligation to contribute something, so this
will be the thing I will work hardest at myself.
"How could I help wanting to do it?" she asks. "I
is it a reverence for beauty or for
history? I guess both. I've always cared. My best friends
are people who care. I don't know.
when you read
Proust or listen to Jack talk about history
Mount Vernon, you understand. I feel strongly about
the children who come here. When I think about my
son and how to make him turn out like his father, I
think of Jack's great sense of history."
don't know.
go to
Soon after her son was born last November, Mrs.
Kennedy began ransacking libraries for material on
the White House. These books are now multifarious-
ly thumbed and dog-eared with cross-checking refer-
ences to objects of furniture, pictures of bits of bric-
a-brac which at one time or another graced the man
sion and since have maddeningly vanished.
Abigail's laundry
in the East Room
The house, she learned, has had a past as diverse
and fascinating as the personalities of those who oc-
cupied it. It was hardly more than a new-built shell
when the first tenants, the John Adamses, took up
occupancy in the autumn of 1800. Mrs. Adams wrote
to her daughter that, "The house is made habitable,
but there is not a single apartment finished. ..."
Indeed, things were so bare that Abigail Adams felt
free to use the East Room to hang her wash.
Since funds were as skimpy as the furnishings, Mrs.
Kennedy found, both Adams and his successors.
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, padded out
the echoing emptiness with their own furniture. Ad-
ams and Jefferson, presumably, were able to take their
belongings along when they left, but Madison had the
bad luck to be there when the British came roaring
down on Washington during the War of 1812.
On Aug. 23, 1814, just before fleeing the invaders,
Dolley Madison wrote her sister, "At this late hour
a wagon has been procured. I have had it filled with
the plate and most valuable portable articles belong-
ing to the house.
At the last minute Dolley Madison ordered her
servants to smash the frame of a famous painting of
George Washington so that she could roll up the pic-
ture and save it (it now hangs in the East Room), But
she could not take one of her most cherished items-
a tin bathtub or the furniture. Nearly everything
was lost when the British burned the building.
The task of refurnishing the rebuilt mansion fell
to James Monroe. With funds he wangled out of
$500,000 Congress appropriated for the restoration
of war-damaged government buildings, he ordered
pieces from native and European sources. He had to
slip the latter into the country quietly to avert the
wrath of American craftsmen.
Aside from British vandalism, the White House
has had its rough brushes with home-grown American
eccentricity and carelessness. Andrew Jackson left a
lasting redolence, if not a permanent scar, by having
a 1,400-pound cheese brought in for a farewell recep-
tion. During the Civil War, Union soldiers parked
themselves on White House sofas, leaving them
smeared with the mud of battle. They also cheerfully
slashed draperies and carried off pieces as souvenirs.
In addition to Monroe's refurnishing of the man-
sion, at least three Presidents undertook extensive
redecorating jobs. They were Chester A. Arthur in
1881, Theodore Roosevelf in 1902 and Harry Truman
1948. Of them all, Arthur's won clear honors for
lack of taste. A New York widower who complained
that the House looked like a "badly kept barracks,"
he auctioned off 24 wagonloads of old furniture and
hired Louis Tiffany to do the place over like a monu-
ment to Victorian opulence.
To her pleased surprise, Mrs. Kennedy discovered
that Theodore Roosevelt was a kindred spirit when it
came to reverential regard for the White House and
its furnishings. Roosevelt spent $475,000 on the job,
hiring Architect Stanford White's firm to undertake
general supervision of the work.
"Thank goodness for Roosevelt," she said recently.
"He undid all the bad that was done by Arthur."
She feels that her own intentions for the mansion
agree exactly with those of Roosevelt who later wrote,
"During my incumbency of the presidency, the White
House was restored to the beauty, dignity and
simplicity of its original plan."
Even before she was in residence, Mrs. Kennedy
had started her project rolling with zeal and enter-
prise. She dragooned a special committee to advise and
help her ferret out either authentic White House
pieces or American antiques of suitable periods.
David Finley, chairman of the National Commis-
sion of Fine Arts, which has to approve every change
de in the White House, became a member of Mrs.
Kennedy's committee. And she felt she had scored a
coup of more than mere artistic significance when she
persuaded Henry Francis du Pont, one of the coun-
try's foremost authorities on American antiques, to
accept its chairmanship. Du Pont is famed among
collectors as the creator of Winterthur, the great mu-
seum of American antiques at Wilmington, Del.
"I didn't know or care what Mr. du Pont's poli-
tics were," she says. "Without him on the committee
I didn't think we would accomplish much-and with
him I knew there would be no criticism. The day he
agreed to be chairman was the biggest red-letter day
of all."
Once the committee was established Mrs. Kennedy
set about finding a curator. Mrs. Lorraine Pearce,
who had received her training in museum work at
Winterthur, was selected. Working closely with the
Smithsonian, she immediately set to work catalogu-
ing the thousands of items in the White House and
trying to establish their authenticity. In the days
that followed, Mrs. Kennedy and Mrs. Pearce en-
gaged in a systematic prowl of the mansion's 54
rooms and 16 baths. Treasure hunting is not an avo-
cation without peril. Mrs. Kennedy paid the price in
laddered stockings, smudged clothing and exhaustion.
"I had a backache every day for three months," she
says. "But now I know every corner of the White
House. I poked into them all. It was exciting, a new
mystery story every day."
A find 'hidden'
in plain sight
Her first find, especially cherished because it
gives her husband pleasure, was, like Poe's purloined
letter, hidden in plain sight. This was a heavy but
battered oaken desk which for eight years had been
standing in the White House broadcast room, hold-
ing up a clutter of electronic gear. A carved inscrip-
tion identified the desk as a gift sent to President
Hayes by Queen Victoria in 1878. It was made from
the timbers of H.M.S. Resolute, a British ship which
sailed to the Arctic in 1852, was trapped in the ice
and abandoned in 1854. Later ship was recov-
ered by Captain Moses Buddington, a Yankee whal-
er. Refitted by the U.S., the ship was returned to
Great Britain as a gift. When the ship was finally
broken up, the queen ordered the desk made as a
gesture of gratitude. It is now in the President's of
fice, serving the business of state.
Mrs. Kennedy's treasure hunt within the walls
has been paying off more or less continuously ever
since it began. She found a massive Bellangé pier
table in the White House carpenter shop. It was the
only piece left of the Blue Room suite purchased by
Monroe. The cellar yielded two dusty bales which
proved to contain rugs that Theodore Roosevelt had
ordered woven in 1902.
To scholars tracking down the past, no place is
off limits. Mrs. Kennedy and Mrs. Pearce invaded a
downstairs men's room and came away with a whole
collection of prizes. They were busts of George Wash-
ington, Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci,
Martin Van Buren and John Bright, an English states-
man of Lincoln's era. All were valuable, all more
than a century old.
Some 'old junk'
on a dark shelf
One day a butler, accompanying Mrs. Kennedy
and Mrs. Pearce on a spelunking exploration of the
basement, gestured toward the black recesses of a
shelf. "There's some old junk in there," he said.
Mrs. Kennedy and Mrs. Pearce retrieved the stuff,
scoured it and found that what they had was the
gold and silver flatware President Monroe ordered
from France in 1817.
In their continuing detective work, the books, old
photographs and drawings, withered bills of lading
and specifications of things bought by several Pres-
idents have been invaluable. "We had the portrait of
Andrew Johnson and, not being really sure where it
belonged, at first we hung it in the Red Room," Mrs.
Kennedy recalls. "But then we were told about an
old photograph of Lincoln's Cabinet which showed.
the portrait hanging in his office on the second floor.
So we changed it. Through a photograph we discov-
ered two chairs in the Queen's Room which were
really Rutherford Hayes's dining chairs. With that
clue we went out to government storage in Fort
Washington and discovered 13 of these same chairs."
While dusty records have proved a help, Mrs.
Kennedy feels they are not enough. She has a pow-
erful sense of urgency born of a sorrowful knowl-
edge that time's progress inevitably separates the
past from living memory.
"Like any President's wife I'm here for only a brief
time," she says. "And before everything slips away,
before every link with the past is gone I want to do
this. I want to find all the people who are still here
who know about the White House, were intimate with
it-the nephews, the sons, the great-grandchildren,
the people who are still living and remember things
about the White House.
"It has been fascinating to go through the build-
ing with Mrs. Nicholas Longworth, who was Theo-
dore Roosevelt's daughter, and with Franklin D.
Roosevelt Jr. and President Truman, and hear them
tell where things had been placed in their day."
While Mrs. Kennedy and her task force have been
shaking down the home grounds for treasure, her
committee has been roving further afield for the
same thing. A number of notable contributions have
already arrived.
Secretary of the Treasury and Mrs. Douglas Dillon
gave a room full of American Empire furniture in-
cluding Dolley Madison's own sofa. Miss Catherine
Bohlen of Villanova, Pa. donated a chair, another
piece from the original set Monroe ordered for the
Blue Room. Mr. and Mrs. Henry Parish II of New
York presented a Victorian settee and two side chairs
which the Lincolns once gave to a friend as gifts.
Mrs. Millard Black of Arlington, Va. sent from
her home an upholstered chair once used in Lincoln's
bedroom. Dr. Ray C. Franklin of Mount Kisco, N.Y.
presented a Hepplewhite mirror decorated with a
golden spread eagle and a likeness of Washington.
The mirror once hung in Fraunce's Tavern in New
York where Washington said farewell to his generals
and sometime later one of the generals presumably
CONTINUED
iguring how to use a find,
Mrs. Kennedy fingers a tarnished
tureen lid from Andrew Jackson's
silver service. On floor, with other
lids, is one of Jackson's wine coolers.
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First Lady
CONTINUED
presented it to him. Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Engelhard, Far Hills,
N.J., donated Baltimore dining room furniture made in 1785. A Mr.
and Mrs. John L. Loeb of New York City agreed to restore the entire
Oval Room, the First Lady's favorite room in the White House.
The search for furnishings does not stop within the continental
limits. Prowling London antique shops, a friend of one committee.
member found several large panels of period wallpaper representing
Revolutionary War events including the surrender of Cornwallis at
Yorktown. A donor, Mrs. Brooke Astor of New York, volunteered
to purchase the paper. It will be hung in the President's dining room.
In all, some 50 pieces have been collected and still the hunt goes on.
The search is fraught with its own special problems, mostly financial.
For some reason, the idea of restoring the White House seems to
inspire some owners of suitable antiques with more cupidity than
patriotism. One owner who had in his possession a small pier table.
in which the committee expressed interest allowed that, inspired by
love of country, he would give it up for a bargain price of $2,500.
Antiquarian appraisers thought the table might actually be worth
all of $400.
To guard against too wild a kiting of prices, Mrs. Kennedy, Mrs.
Pearce and the committee strive to maintain a reasonable degree of
security about White House interest in pieces that have been located.
Those they know about and would like to get are scattered all over
the country in private hands and with antique dealers. Individual
pieces have been appraised at from $125 to $13,000.
Henry du Pont's committee is deliberately working out a theme,
concentrating first on the great and famous public rooms of the
White House-the East Room, Red Room, Green Room, Blue Room
and State Dining Room. To get at the chore, the committee surveys
the rooms one at a time, evaluating what is there now-for the most
part B. Altman modern reproductions of old furniture bought after
1948-calculating its survival value and laying down guide lines.
A typical comment by the committee runs this way:
"Green Room, first floor: the room should be furnished with
American Sheraton pieces. The curtains should be hung within the
window molding. The armchairs are modern in style and should be
replaced. The card tables flanking the doorway are, to the best of
our knowledge, the only antique pieces in the room. They are in need.
of oiling and a few pieces of veneer are missing."
Mrs. Kennedy is willing, even eager, to get the advice of experts
but she cannot leave the business entirely to committees. She roams
the vast mansion, eying cach room with a dreamy yet calculating
stare. There are problems and they have got to come out right. She
smiles over the first floor library which, when she moved in, had
somehow got stacked mostly with murder mysteries.
"We took out the Agatha Christie and, following the suggestion
of the historian Julian Boyd, brought in the writings of American
Presidents and other books by writers who had influenced American
history, such as Thomas Paine."
The Red Room especially worries her. "Everything is a reproduc-
tion," she says. "The red damask is Renaissance and that isn't right.
The President's
personal office desk was
rescued by Mrs. Kennedy
from the White House
broadcast room. A gift
to President Hayes.
from Queen Victoria,
it was built from timbers
of a British ship-and
Mrs. Kennedy thought.
her nautically minded.
husband would like it.
on the walls."
I've tried to relieve some of the redness by putting pictures high up
she has done some things in the second floor great hall that please
and landscapes of the Far West by George Catlin. "All the art here is
her: the long walls are partially covered with American Indian scenes
going to be American. This was lent by the Smithsonian. There is
wonderful American art and I want to display it."
Some of the great rooms excite her more than others. The Blue
Room is one, although it is not without its problems. "Theodore
Roosevelt went over everything in this room and made it a wonderful
plain blue, Much later they added a basket pattern to the design that
doesn't belong. The room is so formal and cold. We put a round
table in the middle and it gave people something to cluster around.
It could be one of the best rooms. But it is a very hard room to place
furniture in because it has four doors and none of them is lined up.
You can't center things in it."
The comforting presence
of Abraham Lincoln
With all the anticipation, the excitement, the problems and dis-
appointments, the one place in the White House which seems to put
her in the closest touch with the nobility she seeks and the authentic
feel of the past is the so-called Lincoln Room which, though it was
actually Lincoln's office, now contains his bedroom furniture.
When we first moved into the White House on Inauguration Day,
everything we had came in little boxes," she remembers. "It was so
confused. They were painting the second story and they had moved
us way down to the other end. The smell of paint was overpowering
and we tried to open the windows in the rooms and we couldn't. They
hadn't been opened for years and years. Later, when we tried the
fireplaces, they smoked because they hadn't been used."
It was, she remembers, a time of trial and bewilderment but she
found a source of enduring comfort from it.
"Sometimes I used to stop and think about it all. I wondered,
'How are we going to live as a family in this enormous place?" I would
go and sit in the Lincoln Room. It was the one room in the White
House with a link to the past. It gave me great comfort. I love the
Lincoln Room. Even though it isn't really Lincoln's bedroom, it has
his things in it. When you see that great bed, it looks like a cathedral.
To touch something I knew he had touched was a real link with him.
The kind of peace I felt in that room was what you feel when going
to church. I used to sit in the Lincoln Room and I could really feel.
his strength. I'd sort of be talking with him. Jefferson is the President
with whom I have the most affinity. But Lincoln is the one I love."
As time passes and Mrs. Kennedy's project advances, she finds.
herself coming more and more into the comforting presence of Abra-
ham Lincoln. Not long ago while pursuing another of her hunting
expeditions through the cavernous basement, she came upon some-
thing that much reading and study enabled her to recognize.
"Look at that Lincoln cake plate," she exclaimed happily, stretch-
ing to reach into a crowded storage shelf. "I wonder if there is enough
china here to set nine places for tonight? Senator Gore would love to
eat off Lincoln's plates."
And it so happened that night, as the White House moved inexora-
bly into the nation's past, that Senator Gore did.
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65
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CLOSE-UP
I'm
INSU
looking for
a market for wisdom'
LEO SZILARD
Scientist
As chairman of a biology
conference, Szilard
gets into an argument over
a theory of cell genetics.
A scientist's aim
in a discussion with his
colleagues is not to persuade,
but to clarify."
This remark was made by a man who has a good deal of the commodity to sell-
and, in marketing his own wisdom, he has served as a mighty human catalyst,
in science and in politics. Leo Szilard invented (but did not patent) the cyclo-
tron, wrote a pioneer paper on a theory that ushered in the era of automation,
first conceived (but again did not patent) the electron microscope, first recog-
nized the possibility-and proved experimentally the feasibility of a nuclear
chain reaction. A Hungarian, Szilard came to the U.S. in 1938. A year later, by
means of a letter he induced Albert Einstein to sign, he goaded President
Roosevelt into starting work on the A-bomb. Since the bomb became reality,
he has been tirelessly prodding the world not to use it.
Now 63, Szilard lives in Washington, pursuing a new career in molecular biol-
ogy and traveling about the city (left) badgering his friends in government to
buy his brand of political wisdom. "The most important step in getting a job.
done" he observes, "is the recognition of a problem. Once I recognize a prob-
lem I usually can think of someone who can work it out better than I could."
CONTINUED
75
.
2.
3.
4.
reasons for Ting
1. Athlete's foot.
2. Burning feet.
3. Itching toes. 4. Sweating feet.
New, no-mess Ting is the medicated
cream that dries to a clinging powder
with long-staying power. Relief starts
quickly. And Ting stays on the job all
day. Works, while you work, to pro-
mote healingNES
TING
MEDICATED CREAM FOR THE FEET
At the Virginia home of Michael Straight
(second from left), Szilard holds forth on a
favorite topic-disarmament.
"Before we or the Russians know if we
really want disarmament, we must figure out how
to secure peace even in a disarmed world."
A New Book, a New Career
Szilard often dispenses his wisdom in the form
of wit. His recently published political testa-
ment is in the form of a satirical, occasionally
hilarious science-fiction paperback called The
Voice of the Dolphins. In it some wise mam-
mals coerce humanity into its reluctant salva-
tion through planned, step-by-step disarma-
ment with a cash bonus.
Szilard is a disputatious, free-spirited man
whose "Szilardisms" (see p. 79) amuse and
sometimes scandalize his friends. When noti-
fied that he had won the 1960 Einstein award
and his wife told him that the roster of pre-
vious winners was pretty impressive, he said:
At his current home, the DuPont Plaza Hotel
in Washington, Szilard reads his mail
in his favorite working place-the hotel lobby.
"Yes, and it is getting better and better."
At the time, he was in a New York hospi-
tal bed, apparently dying of cancer. But he
made a remarkable recovery and is now as
active as ever. He regrets his age only because,
he says, "one is never again as intelligent in
life as one is at 16." Still, he believes, "in
order to succeed it is not necessary to be much
cleverer than other people. All you have to
do is be one day ahead of them." He thinks.
that for all he has done in physics, he may
be best remembered for his two recent ma-
jor biological theories-"that it will take my
colleagues at least 15 years to prove wrong."
I can work very happily in this
lobby. I have never owned a house, and don't feel
the need of owning one. "
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In LIFE
you are
viewing
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GREAT ART
1861
"For the next 25 years," LIFE's Publisher wrote in our
issue of June 2, "it is the aim of LIFE to be a great
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of Science and Nature, a great magazine of the Fine
and Lively Arts, a great magazine of Sport and
Adventure, a great magazine of Better Living..."
Since then, you have visited, with LIFE, the London
of Christopher Wren, the prodigious English architect
who left the world such a noble legacy. You have seen
the spectacular new Palace of Labor in Turin, created by
Italy's distinguished modern architect, Pier Luigi Nervi.
You have met the Great "O.K."-the grand old man
of expressionist painting, Oskar Kokoschka, and
watched him at work in his famous school in Austria.
You have rediscovered, with LIFE, the splendrous art
of Gustave Moreau, pioneer modernist.
What about the weeks and months ahead? This is
a promise:
Week after week, LIFE will bring you the outstanding
paintings that are making news today, as well as the
living paintings of the past that have made public
galleries and private collections world famous. Week
after week, in LIFE's pages, you will see art,
architecture, artifacts from all schools and all centuries
-often in the full beauty of their actual colors.
It's the best time ever to have your own copy of LIFE
mail-delivered to your door promptly, regularly, every
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SZILARD CONTINUED
Some Szilardisms
on War, Fame, Peace
From past remarks, writings and statements to LIFE reporters, the
following cross-section of Dr. Szilard's views is presented.
▸ On Nuclear Discussions: "It is not necessary to succeed in order
to persevere. As long as there is a margin of hope, however narrow,
we have no choice but to base all our actions on that margin. America
and Russia have one interest in common which may override all their
other interests: to be able to live with the bomb without getting into
an all-out war that neither of them wants."
▸ On his crucial fission experiment in 1939: "All we had to do was
lean back, turn a switch and watch the screen of a television tube. If
flashes of light appeared on the screen it would mean that the libera-
tion of atomic energy would take place in our lifetime. We turned
the switch, saw the flashes-we watched for about five minutes-
then we switched everything off and went home. That night I knew
the world was headed for trouble."
On Credit and Fame: "In life you must often choose between
getting a job done or getting credit for it. In science, the important
thing is not the ideas you have but the decision which ones you
choose to pursue. If you have an idea and are not going to do any-
thing with it, why spoil someone else's fun by publishing it?"
▸ On Predictions: "Science is progressing at such a rapid rate that
when you make a prediction and think you are ahead of your time
by 100 years you may be ahead of your time by 10 at most."
▸ On the Space Race: "I have mixed feelings about our spending
$20 billion to get to the moon first. But if we are caught in a conflict
of prestige with the Russians, I'd rather have it centered around the
moon than Laos, Cuba or Berlin."
▸ On Democracy and Education: "I'm all in favor of the democrat-
ic principle that one idiot is as good as one genius, but I draw the
line when someone takes the next step and concludes that two idiots
are better than one genius."
With his wife Gertrud, an M.D. who is her husband's physician,
Szilard last summer dictated a book in his hospital room.
France
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79
LIFE
רותה
LIFE
LIFE LIFE LIFE
A
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LIFE
LIFESTLIFE
LIFE
THE CRISIS
EINE
LIFE
HABE
ASTRONAUT
LIFE:
THE PUBLIC GOLFER
MEETS GOLDWATER
LIFE
LIFE
POVERTY
124
LIFE
LIFE LIFE
LIFE
GOLDFINE CASE
RMAN ADAMS
by SHE
pand
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LIFE
THE INTIMATE PAPERS
OF JOHN ADAMS
LIFE
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THE CALL OF DANGER
G
11
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THE GREAT SPECTAT
& LIFE
Satin ball gown, simply but emphatically shaped, is worn
with shiny full-length cloak of silk and cellophane (Nina
Ricci) before Chagall's stained-glass windows of 12
tribes of Israel which is now on exhibition at Louvre.
The Big
Paris
Word: SHAPE
Paris was rich with rumors of radical changes just
before the fall fashion showings-frightening predic-
tions of dropped hemlines, wasp waists, even padded
hips. Then Paris fooled the prophets. Skirts stayed
short, waists remained sensible and hips were left alone.
There was, however, a big change-subtle but sig-
nificant. A feeling for shapeliness was everywhere. It
was seen in the dress opposite, slightly high-waisted to
emphasize the bust. Shapeliness was dramatized in
beaded sheaths and in a new corset which shook the
U.S. girdle industry to its foundations. It was more
BETTER LIVING
quietly evidenced in the small-shouldered day clothes
with long tight sleeves done by Marc Bohan at Dior.
Everybody agreed, though, that changes would be
gradual and that the days of overnight switches in
fashion are over. Designers worried about their private
clients, a steady source of income, who will no longer
stand for having their expensive purchases outmoded in
a single season. But those who went to the showings still
felt it was worth the trip to see evolutions in silhou-
ettes, the new fabrics and colors and the always im-
aginative touches like the tight little Dior hoods below.
Photographed for LIFE by MARK SHAW
Trim little hoods, all in one piece with capes or short
coats, topped several suits and dresses that Bohan de-
signed for Dior. Hat at left is lined with ocelot, the center
one with nutria. Stiffened tweed bow trims hood on right.
CONTINUED
The Big Paris
Word: SHAPE
Paris was rich with rumors of radical changes just
before the fall fashion showings-frightening predic-
tions of dropped hemlines, wasp waists, even padded
hips. Then Paris fooled the prophets. Skirts stayed
short, waists remained sensible and hips were left alone.
There was, however, a big change-subtle but sig-
nificant. A feeling for shapeliness was everywhere. It
was seen in the dress opposite, slightly high-waisted to
emphasize the bust. Shapeliness was dramatized in
beaded sheaths and in a new corset which shook the
U.S. girdle industry to its foundations. It was more
BETTER LIVING
quietly evidenced in the small-shouldered day clothes
with long tight sleeves done by Marc Bohan at Dior.
Everybody agreed, though, that changes would be
gradual and that the days of overnight switches in
fashion are over. Designers worried about their private
clients, a steady source of income, who will no longer
stand for having their expensive purchases outmoded in
a single season. But those who went to the showings still
felt it was worth the trip to see evolutions in silhou-
ettes, the new fabrics and colors and the always im-
aginative touches like the tight little Dior hoods below.
Photographed for LIFE by MARK SHAW
Trim little hoods, all in one piece with capes or short
coats, topped several suits and dresses that Bohan de-
signed for Dior. Hat at left is lined with ocelot, the center
one with nutria. Stiffened tweed bow trims hood on right.
Nylon corset by Miguel Ferreras of New York, intro-
duced at showings, pulls on like bathing suit. Designer
says it "makes wearer thin, long, with a high, fierce
bosom," U.S. companies bid high for it. Warner's won.
BETTER LIVING CONTINUED
A Shape-Maker, Shaggy-Dog Beads
Dresses so heavily beaded as to give a shaggy-dog effect
were in most collections. From left, Ferreras low-cut
LI
sheath, Matta high-necked sheath, a short and a long
Dior with boleros, and Dessès dress with beaded panels.
CONTINUED 85
BETTER LIVING CONTINUED,
Dior suits (above and right) are tweedy but
accent shape with small shoulders, set-in sleeves
and tightly buttoned torso. Even when skirts
flare at hem, they are fitted around the hips.
86
Clini
In Suits Too, a Trim
and Slim Fit
The season's shapely mood is reflected, in a
subtle but potentially far-reaching way, in the
most popular suits. The soft-shouldered, deep-
armholed boxy silhouette prevalent for so many
seasons is being inched out by a more crisply
tailored figure-fitting shape with small shoul-
ders and narrow set-in sleeves.
The closely fitted suits, like the Diors at
left, require expert tailoring and this can pre-
sent a problem for American mass-market
makers. Accustomed to the soft suits, which
in many cases were an excuse for sloppy tailor-
ing, manufacturers will now have to adjust to
more finicky requirements. But they can take
comfort in the fact that Chanel's suits, which
have long used the trim shoulder and set-in
sleeve, have always been successfully translated
into moderately priced copies. This and the
fact that America's top designers had inde-
pendently arrived at versions of the shapely
tailored suits (far right) may foretell the de-
mise of the very loosely fitted daytime suit.
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cool every time. L'M's are never drying to your taste The secret:
L'M's special way of moisturizing seals in the natural freshness
and flavor of fine tobaccos And you get L'M's famous Miracle Tip
-the modern filter that delivers the cleanest, freshest taste possible.
So start fresh with L'M today.
Get fresh-tasting best-tasting LM...pack or box
Moisturizing is the secret
This is the modern advance in
tobacco care that seals in natural
freshness and flavor-until you
unlock it with a light. We call it
Flavor-Seal-you'll call it great